gvwmk Avj-Aveivi The Monthly AL-ABRAR iwr. bs-145 el -5, msl v-04 g 2016 Bs, kvõevb 1437 wn., ˆekvL 1423 evs cöwzôvzv dkxûj wgjøvz gydzx Ave`yi ingvb

gvwmk Avj-Aveivi The Monthly AL-ABRAR iwr. bs-145 el -5, msl v-04 g 2016 Bs, kvõevb 1437 wn., ˆekvL 1423 evs cöwzôvzv dkxûj wgjøvz gydzx Ave`yi ingvb (ingzzjøvwn AvjvBwn) cöavb m úv`k gydzx Avikv` ingvbx m úv`k gydzx wkdvqvzzjøvn kwdk wbe vnx m úv`k gvijvbv wiriqvb idxk Rgxivev`x mnkvix m úv`k gvijvbv gynv ` Av bvqvi nvmvbb weávcb cöwzwbwa gynv ` nv kg mvkz jkb wel q hvmv hvm 01191911224 wewbgq : 20 (wek) UvKv gvî cöpvi msl v : 10,000 (`k nvrvi) hvmv hvm m úv`bv `dzi gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k eøk-ww, dkxûj wgjøvz miwy, emyüiv Av/G, XvKv dvb : 02-8402091, 02-8845138 B- gbj : monthlyalabrar@gmail.com I qe : www.monthlyalabrar.wordpress.com www.facebook.com/gvwmk-avj-aveivi gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 1 m úv`bv welqk Dc `óv gydzx Gbvgyj nk Kv mgx gydzx gynv ` mynvbj gydzx Avãym mvjvg gvijvbv nviæb gydzx idxkyj Bmjvg Avj-gv`vbx m~wpcî m úv`kxq... 2 cweî Kvjvgyjøvn _ K :... 3 cweî mybœvn _ K : ÔdvRv q j AvgvjÕ wb q GZ weåvwší Kb-17... 4 `i m wdkn cvkvk-cwi Q` : AvnKvg I gvmv qj-7... 8 gydzx kv n` ingvbx nhiz nvi`~qx (in.)-gi Ag~j evyx... 13 Bdv`v Z dkxûj wgjøvz : k e eiv Zi drxjz I KiYxq... 14 Òwmiv Z gȳ ÍvKxgÓ ev mijc_ : nhiz _vbfx (in.)-gi AwfÁZv I wpšívavivi dmj grwj m `viqvzzj nk... 16 gvijvbv gydzx gbm~iæj nk ` ÍiLvb : GKwU ch v jvpbv... 21 gydzx kixdzj AvRg Bmjvgx AvKx`v-wek vm-2... 26 gvi. wiriqvb idxk Rgxivev`x gỳ ªvi ZvwË K ch v jvpbv I kiqx weavb-27... 32 gvijvbv Av bvqvi nvmvbb wfbœ Pv L KIgx gv`ªvmvñ2... 37 gvijvbv Kv mg kixd wrávmv I kiqx mgvavb... 41 hvbevn b bvgvh Av`v q wkejvi weavb... 45 gvi. wghvbyi ingvb iv k`x gvevbj: cöavb m úv`k: 01819469667, m úv`k:01817009383, wbe vnx m úv`k:01838424647 mnkvix m úv`k: 01855343499 weávcb cöwzwbwa: 01711803409, mvkz jkb g v brvi : 01191911224

m úv ` Kx q gnvcweî eikzgq gvm gv n igvrv bi AvMgbx evz v wb q gv n gvevik kvõevbyj gyav¾g mgvmz Avjøvn iveÿyj Avjvgxb ZvIdxK `vb Ki j Amxg eikz I gvmwdiv Zi gvm igvrvbyj gvevi K Avgiv hvi hvi g Zv K i Ava vwz Kfv e DcK Z n Z cvieñbbkvavjøvn GB gvm jv n jv Avjøvni KvQ _ K ewk ewk ingz I eikz cövwßi gvm wb Ri mkj cvc-cw¼jzv `~i K i Avjøvni ˆbKU AR bi gvm Avjøvn iveÿyj Avjvgx bi ingz, eikz I gvmwdivz e vckfv e AR b Kivi Rb B g~jz GB gvevik mgq jv gywgb `i Dcnvi ^iƒc `vb Kiv n q Q ez gv b AZ ší `ytlkvzi, fqven GK bvryk mgq cvi Ki Q gymwjg D vn ïay gymwjg D vnb bq, cy iv gvbemgv R b g G m Q wec`vc` I evjv-gywme Zi fqven aviv Gme wec`vc` K ˆelwqKfv e `yb fv M fvm Kiv hvq wkqz wec`vc` n jv AvjøvncÖ`ËÑcÖvK wzk hgbñf wgk ú, R jv Q vm, N~wY So BZ vw` Avi wkqy n jv hv gvby lib K Z Ges e vcknv i gvby li gv S PwP Z hgbñme ÿ Î cvcvpvi, Avjøvni bvdigvbx, g, Lyb, e wfpvi, nviv gi PP v BZ vw` ivm~j (mv.) Gme wel q úó fwel ØvYx K i Qb GI ejv n q Q, wøzxq cökv ii Gme wec `i e vckzvi Kvi Y cö_ gv³ evjv-gywmez gvbyl K MÖvm Ki e w`b hzb G Mv Q ivm~j (mv.)-gi Gme fwel ØvYxi cig ev ÍeZv Ges mz Zv D vwmz n Z P j Q gvî K qk w`b n jv mviv `k, GgbwK Avkcv ki ivóª jvi f K ú bi av vq Ku c D V Q Gi Av M Av iv fqven f wgk ú n q Q Gme GjvKvq ÿqÿwzii kl bb Zgwb Avgv `i ` k N~wY So, R jv Q vm, Kvj ekvlxi e vck ÿqÿwzi K_v ejvb evûj ez gvb AvaywbK I ˆeÁvwbK e vck DrKl Zvi hy M Giƒc cövk wzk `y h vm I evjv-gywmez K wewfbœfv eb e vl v Kiv nq wkfv e f wgk ú n q Q, f wgk úwui DrcwË j Kv_vq, Gi gvîvña bk wkqyb ˆeÁvwbK `i Av jvpbvq D V Av m Zv `i Gme e vl v I Av jvpbv ï b gvbyl GK cökvi Avk ÍB n q _v K GgbwK ewdwkii Kv bv mgq gvbyl G K_v Kíbv K i bv h ˆeÁvwbK `i Gme e vl v I Av jvpbvq Kx ev D V Gj! Kx cviqv Mj Gme ch v jvpbv _ K? Gme ÿ Î Kvb Av jvpbvwu gvby li ewk cö qvrb? GKwU welq wkfv e NUj Zv hgb Rvbvi cö qvrb Av Q, Kb Ges Kx Kvi Y NUj Zv Rvbv Av iv AwaK cö qvrb hv Z KviY wpwýz K i Z`vbyhvqx e e v biqv hvq G ch ší wewfbœ evjv-gywmez I cövk wzk `y h vm m ú K AvaywbK _ K AvaywbK ˆeÁvwbKMY h Av jvpbv K i Qb meb n jv welqwu wkfv e NUj, Kv Ì K NUjÑGi e vl v A bk mgq Abygvbwbf i fwel ØvYxI Kv i _v Kb Zuviv wkš Kb Ges Kx Kvi Y NUj, GB e vl v Zuv `i Kv Q bb Zuviv Zv w` Z cvi eb bv ag we Ølxiv Zv Giƒc e vl v hv Z gvbyl Rvb Z bv cv i ev Zv Rvbvi cö qvrbxqzvi eva bv K i mb Póv ZB iz _v K g~jz cövk wzk `y h vm Kb N U, gvbyl GZ evjv-gywme Z Kb Ges Kx Kvi Y cwzz nq Zv GKgvÎ Avjøvn iveÿyj AvjvgxbB Rv bb Avi gvbyl GKgvÎ Hkx m~ ÎB Gme welq Rvb Z mÿg Avjøvn iveÿyj Avjvgxb cweî KviAv b Bikv` K ib,... gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 2 Ôgvby li K g i cwiywz ^iƒc j I mgy `ª AkvwšÍ m wó n q Q, Avjøvn Zv `i K ZK g i wkqyuv ^v` fvm Kiv Z Pvb hv Z K i gvbyl wd i Av m, Õ (m~iv iƒg : 41) cweî KviAv b Av iv Bikv` n q Q, ÔZviv wk ` L bv h Zviv cöwzeqi GKevi A_ev `yevi wec`mö Í nq AZtci Zviv ZvIev K i bv Ges Dc `ki MÖnY K i bv Õ [m~iv ZvIev : 126] Avjøvn iveÿyj Avjvgxb Giƒc A bk Avqv Z ev `vi Ici wewfbœ evjv-gywmez Kb Ges Kx Kvi Y Av m, Zv úó e j w` q Qb ivm~j (mv.) nv`xm kix d Kx Kx Kvi Y f wgk ú BZ vw` cövk wzk `y h vm msnwuz nq Gi mywbw` ó wkqy KviYI Bikv` K i QbÑ :... ivm~j (mv.) Bikv` K ib, Avgvi D Z hlb 15wU Kv R wjß n Z ïiæ Ki e ZLb Zv `i cöwz evjv-gywmez AvcwZZ n Z Avi Ki e KvR jv n jvñ1. MYxg Zi gvj e w³mz m ú ` cwiyz n e 2. Avgvb Zi m ú` cwiyz n e MYxg Zi gv j 3. hvkvz Av`vq Kiv K g b Ki e Rwigvbv Av`v qi b vq 4. ^vgx xi eva n e 5. mšívb gv qi Aeva n e 6. eüz-evü ei mv _ mø envi Kiv n e 7. wczvi mv _ Kiv n e Ryjyg 8. gmwr ` D P ^ i næ Mvj n e 9. Am vbx e w³ K RvwZi bzv g b Kiv n e 10. e w³ K m vb Kiv n e Zvi Awbó _ K euvpvi Rb 11. cökv k g`cvb Kiv n e 12. cyiæl ikwg cvkvk ci e 13. MvwqKv ˆZwi Kiv n e 14. ev` hš ˆZwi Kiv n e Ges 15. c~e ez x D Z `i (mvnvev, Zv ecb, Zv ezv ecb) cöwz Awfm úvz Ki e ciez xiv (wziwghx kixd, nv. 2210) Giƒc evjv-gywme Z ivm~j (mv.)-gi wkÿv n jv, gnvb Avjøvni wbku AwZ `ªæZ ZvIev Kiv, Zuvi wbku wbivcëvi Rb `yõav Kiv, gnvb Avjøvn K AwaKnv i iy Kiv Ges gv cöv_ bv Kiv hgbñnv`xm kix d Av Q ivm~j (mv.) m~h MÖnY `L j ej Zb, hw` Zzwg G ikg wkqy ` L _v Kv, ZLb `ªæZZvi mv _ gnvb Avjøvn K iy K iv, Zuvi wbku gvcöv_ bv K iv [eylvix 2/30 Ges gymwjg 2/628] G Kvi Y Dcgnv ` ki kxl gyiweÿ nhiz dkxûj wgjøvz (in.) `yõav-bw ÍMdv ii IciB ewk Rvi w` Zb cy iv gymwjg D v ni Kj v Y wzwb me mgq GB `yõav cvv Ki ZbÑ mgvmz kvõevb I igvrv bi g Zv gvevik gvm jv Z hw` Avgiv wb R `i wpšív- PZbv I AšÍi cwiï K i ZvIev, Bw ÍMdvi, Bev`Z I whwk ii gva g Avjøvni ˆbKU AR b Ki Z cvwi Z e Avjøvn Avgv `i K hvezxq evjv-gywmez _ K iÿv Ki ebñbbkvavjøvn Avikv` ingvbx XvKv 28/04/2016 Bs

cweî Kvjvgyjøvn kixd _ K D PZi Zvdmxi M elyv wefvm : gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k ÔAvjøvn ZvÕAvjvi ûkzg e ZxZ Kv bv wec`b Av m bv Ges h e w³ Avjøvni cöwz wek vm vcb K i Q Avjøvn Zvi AšÍi K wn`vqvz `vb K ib, Avi Avjøvn me wel q gnvávbx Zvgiv AvbyMZ K iv Avjøvni Ges AvbyMZ K iv ivm~ ji Zvgiv hw` gyl wdwi q bvi, Z e ( R b i Lv) Avgvi ivm~ ji `vwqz Kej úó fvlvq cöpvi Kiv Avjøvn, wzwb e ZxZ Kv bv gvey` bb AZGe gywgbmy Avjøvni Ici fimv KiæK n gywgbmy, Zvgv `i Kv bv Kv bv x I mšívb-mšíwz Zvgv `i `ykgb AZGe Zv `i e vcv i mzk _v Kv hw` gvr bv K iv, D cÿv K iv Ges ÿgv K iv, Z e Avjøvn ÿgvkxj, KiæYvgq Zvgv `i ab-m ú` I mšívb-mšíwz Zv Kej cixÿv ^iƒc Avi Avjøvni Kv Q i q Q gnvcyi vi Õ (m~iv ZvMveyb) A_ vr Avjøvni AbygwZ e wz i K Kv iv Ici Kv bv wec` Av m bv Ges h e w³ Avjøvni cöwz wek vm iv L Avjøvn Zvi AšÍi K mrc_ cö`k b K ib GUv Ab ^xkvh mz h Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi AbygwZ I B Qv e wz i K Kv_vI mvgvb Zg e I bovpov Ki Z cv i bv Avjøvni AbygwZ Qvov KD Kv iv Kv bv ÿwz I DcKvi Ki Z cv i bv wkš h e w³ Avjøvn I ZvK`x i wek vmx bq wec` gyn~ Z Zvi Rb Kv bv w izv I kvwšíi DcKiY _v K bv m wec` `~ixki Yi D Ï k nv-ûzvk I QUdU K i _v K Gi wecix Z ZvK`x i wek vmx gywg bi AšÍi K Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv G wel q w i wek vmx K i `b h, hv wkqy n q Q Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi AbygwZ I B Qvµ g n q Q h wec` Zv K úk K i Q, hv wkqy n q Q Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi AbygwZ I B Qvµ g n q Q h wec` Zv K úk K i Q, Zv AeavwiZ wqj, KD G K Ujv Z cviz bv Ges h wec` _ K m gy³ i q Q, Zv _ K gy³ _vkvb AeavwiZ wqj Zv K GB wec ` RwoZ ivlvi mva Kv iv wqj bv GB Cgvb I wek v mi d j cikv ji mviqv ei Iqv`vI Zvi mvg b _v K hï viv `ywbqvi e nëg wec`i mnr n q hvq A_ vr gymjgvbmy Zvgv `i KZK x I mšívb-mš wz Zvgv `i kîæ Zv `i Awbó _ K AvZ iÿv K iv wziwghx nv Kg cögyl Be b AveŸvm (iv.) _ K ey bv K ib GB AvqvZ mb gymjgvb `i m ú K AeZxY n q Q, hviv wnri Zi ci g vq Bmjvg MÖnY K i g`xbvq ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-gi Kv Q wnriz K i P j h Z gb K i, wkš Zv `i cwievi-cwirbiv Zv `i K wnriz Ki Z evav `q (iƒûj gvavbx) GUv ZLbKvi K_v, hlb g v _ K wnriz Kiv cö Z K gymjgv bi Ici dih wqj Av jvp Avqv Z Giƒc x I mšívb-mšíwz K gvby li kîæ AvL v `Iqv n q Q Ges Zv `i Awbó _ K AvZ iÿv Kivi Rvi Av `k `Iqv n q Q Kbbv Zvi P q eo kîæ gvby li KD n Z cv i bv, h Zv K wpikvjxb Avhve I Rvnvbœv gi AwMœ Z wjß K i `q nhiz AvZv Be b Avey ivevn (iv.) ey bv K ib, GB AvqvZ AvId Be b gv jk AvkRvqx (iv.) m ú K AeZxY n q Q wzwb g`xbvq wq jb Ges hlbb Kv bv hy I wrnv `i my hvm AvmZ, wzwb Zv Z hvm`vb Kivi B Qv Ki Zb wkš Zuvi x I mšívbiv GB e j dwiqv` ïiæ K i w`z Avgv `i K Kvi Kv Q Q o hv e wzwb Zv `i dwiqv ` cöfvevwš^z n q mskí Z vm Ki Zb (Be b Kvmxi) Dc iv³ Dfq iiqv q Zi g a Kv bv ˆecixZ bb Dfq NUbv AvqvZ AeZi Yi KviY n Z cv i Kbbv wnriz nvk wksev wrnv` h x I mšívb Avjøvni dih cvj b ev` mv a Zviv kîæ hv `i x I mšívb `i K kîæ AvL v `Iqv n q Q Zviv wb R `i fzj eys Z c i fwel Z x I mšív `i mv _ K Vvi e envi Kivi B Qv Kij Gi cwi cöwÿ Z Avqv Zi GB As k ejv n q Q, hw`i GB x I mšívbiv Zvgv `i kîæi b vq KvR K i Q Ges Zvgv `i K dih cvj b evav w` q Q, wkš GZ`m Ë I Zv `i mv _ K Vvi I wb` q e envi K iv bv eis gvr bv, D cÿv I ÿgvi e envi K iv GUv Zvgv `i Rb Kj vyki Kbbv Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi Af vmi ÿgv Ges `qv cö`k b Kiv MvbvnMvi x I mšív `i mv _ m úk Q` Kiv I we Øl ivlv AbywPZ : Av jgmy Av jvp AvqvZ` ó e j Qb h cwievi-cwir bi KD Kv bv kixqzwe ivax KvR K i dj ji Zvi mv _ m úk Q` Kiv Zvi cöwz we Øl ivlv I Zvi Rb e``yõav Kiv DwPZ bq (iƒûj gvavbx) k ãi A_ cixÿv Avqv Zi D Ïk GB h ab-m ú` I mšívb-mšíwzi gva g Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv gvby li cixÿv bb h Gm ei gneÿ Z wjß n q m Avjøvni weavbvewj K D cÿv K i bv wk gneÿz K h_vmxgvq i L ^xq KZ e cvj b m Pó nq cÿvší i ab-m ú` I mšívb-mšíwzi gneÿz gvby li Rb GKwU AwMœcixÿv gvbyl AwaKvsk mgq Zv `i gneÿ Zi Kvi YB Mvbv n we klz A ea DcvR b wjß nq nv`x m Av Q wkqvg Zi w`b Ggb GK e w³ K Dcw Z Kiv n e, hv K ` L Ab iv ej e Zvi cyy jv K Zvi cwirbiv L q d j Q (iƒûj gvavbx) GK nv`x m ivm~ j Kvixg (mv.) mšívb `i m ú K e jb, mšívb-mšíwz n Q gvby li K cyzv I KvcyiælZvi KviY Zv `i gneÿ Zi Kvi Y gvbyl Avjøvni c _ UvKv-cqmv e q Kiv _ K weiz _v K Ges Zv `i gneÿ Zi Kvi Y wrnv ` hvm`vb Kiv _ K Mv euvwp q P j R bk c~e ezx eyrym e jb : cwievi-cwirb gvby li cyy mg~ ni Rb NyYwe kl NyY hgb km K L q d j, Zgwb cwievi-cwirbi gvby li cyy mg~n K L q wbt kl K i `q gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 3

cweî mybœvn _ K D PZi nv`xm M elyv wefvm : gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k KviAvb grx `i ci me vwak cwvz wkzve dvrv q j Avgvj wb q GZ weåvwší Kb-17 dvrv q j Avgv j ewy Z nv`xm jv wb q GK köyxi nv`xm M elk `i (!) Awf hvm n jv, nv`xm jv mnxn bq G jvi Ici Avgj Kiv hv e bv BZ vw` wkš ev ÍeZv Kx? GiB AbymÜv b GwM q Av m gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k, emyüiv XvKvi D PZi nv`xm wefv Mi M elkmy Zuv `i M elyvjä Av jvpbv avivevwnkfv e cökvk Ki Q gvwmk Avj-Aveivi Avkv Kwi, Gi Øviv be M elk `i Awf hvm jvi AmviZv cögvwyz n e gy Lvk D b vwpz n e nv`xmwe Ølx `i nv`x mi ZvLixR I ZvnKx Ki KvRwU Avi Kiv n q Q dvrv q j whwki _ K GLv b dvrv q j whwk i DwjøwLZ nv`xm jvi b ^i wn m e GKwU nv`xm, Gi A_, ZvLixR I ZvnKxK ck Kiv n q Q D³ nv`x mi Aax b nhiz kvqlyj nv`xm (in.) D`~ fvlvq h mkj nv`x mi Abyev` D jøl K i Qb m jvi ÿ Î (K. L. M. Abymv i) evsjv A_ D jølc~e K Aviex Z g~j nv`xmwu, nv`x mi ZvLixR I ZvnKxK ck Kiv n q Q dvrv q j whwki Z Zxq Aa vq : nv`xm bs-1 : : : " : ivm~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmjøvg) Bikv` K ib, `ywu Kv jgv Ggb i q Q, hv gy L eo nvjkv, IR b Lye fvix Avi Avjøvni Kv Q AZ ší wcöq Zv n jv Ômyenvbvjøvwn Iqvwenvgw`nx myenvbvjøvwnj AvRxg (eylvix kixd 2/948, nv. 6406, 6682, gymwjg kixd 2/244, nv. 6842, wziwghx kixd 2/184, nv. 3467, Be b gvrvn kixd 2/270, nv. 3806, mnx n Be b wneÿvb 3/112, nv. 831, gymbv ` Avex Bqvjv 5/403, 404, nv. 6070) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn K. GK nv`x m Av Q, Zvgv `i g a KD hb ˆ`wbK GK nvrvi bkx AR b Kiv Q o bv `q myenvbvjøvwn Iqvwenvgw`nx GK kzevi co j nvrvi bkx n q hv e GZ Mvbvn Zv BbkvAvjøvn ivrvbv n e bv Avi GB Zvmexn e ZxZ hz bk KvR K i _vk e Gi mviqve AwZwi³ jv fi g a ibj (1 : " gvwmk Avj-Aveivi : (gymbv ` Avng` 5/199 nv. 21741, gymzv`iv K nv Kg 1/515 nv. 1897) nv`xmwu MÖnY hvm L. GK nv`x m G m Q, h e w³ mkvj-mü v GK GK Zvmexn (100 evi) cwigvy myenvbvjøvwn Iqvwenvgw`nx co e mgy `ªi dbv n Z ewk n ji Zvi Mvbvn gvd n q hv e (eylvix kixd 2/948 nv. 6405, gyavëv gv jk 1/209, gymwjk kixd 2/344 nv. 6842, wziwghx kixd 2/84 nv. 3466, Be b gvrvn kixd 2/270 nv. 3812, gymbv ` Avng` 2/32 nv. 8009, gymzv`iv K nv Kg 1/518 nv. 1906) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn M. Av ik nv`x m ewy Z n q Q, mybnvbvjøvwn Iqvj nvg`ywjjøvn Iqv jv-bjvnv Bjøvjøvn Iqvjøvû AvKevi co j Mvbvnmg~n Ggbfv e S i hvq hgb (kx Zi gšmy g) Mv Qi cvzvmg~n S i hvq 4

: (wziwghx kixd 2/193 nv. 3533, gymbv ` Avng` 3/152 nv. 12534, Av`veyj gydiv` [eylvix in.] 191 nv. 634) nv`xmwui gvb : nvmvb nv`xm bs-2 : : : : : : " nhiz Avey hi (iv.) e jb, GKevi ivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ib, Avwg wk Zvgv K Avjøvn wbku me P q wcöq Kvjvg KvbwU e j `e? Avwg AviR Kijvg, wbðqb e j w`b wzwb ej jb, Ômyenvbvjøvwn Iqvwenvgw`nxÕ Ab nv`x m Av Q, myenvbv iveÿx Iqvwenvgw`nx GK nv`x m GI Av Q Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Zvi d ikzv `i Rb h wrwbm K cq ` K i Qb DnvB m e vëg, A_ vr my envbvjøvwn Iqvwenvgw`nx (gymwjg kixd 2/351 nv. 2731, wziwghx kixd 2/199 nv. 3593, Avgvjyj BqvIwg Iqvj jvbwj [bvmvc] 244 nv. 830, gymvbœv d Avex kvqev 10/390 nv. 30031, gymbv ` Avng` 5/148 nv. 21320) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn K. GK nv`x m ewy Z Av Q, Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi AvRgZ I gn Z i fv i Avmgvb (Kü vp Kü vp K i) kã K i Avi Avmgvb GB AvIqvR Ki Z eva IB gnvb Rv Zi Kmg, hvi nv Z gynv ` (mv.)-gi cövyñmg Í Avmgv b GK wenz cwigvy RvqMvI Ggb bb, hlv b Kv bv d ikzv wmr`v Ae vq Avjøvni Zvmexn I Zvngx ` gk j bv Av Qb : : : : : (`~i i gbm~i 5/287, gymbv ` Avng` 5/173 nv. 21516, wziwghx kixd 4/481 nv. 2312, Be b gvrvn kixd 4/464 nv. 4190, gymzv`iv K nv Kg 4/544 nv. 8633, gyõrvgyj Kvexi 3/201 nv. 3121) nv`xmwui gvb : nvmvb nv`xm bs-3 : : : " : : :. : " ivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ib, h e w³ jv Bjvnv Bjøvjøvn ej e Zvi Rb RvbœvZ IqvwRe n q hv e Avi h e w³ myenvbvjøvwn Iqvwenvgw`nx GKkZevi co e Zvi Rb GK jÿ PweŸk nvrvi bkx jlv n e mvnvev q Kivg (iv.) AviR Ki jb, Bqv ivm~jvjøvn! GgZve vq Zv (wkqvg Zi w`b) KD aÿsm n Z cv i bv ( Kbbv bkx ewk _vk e) ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) ej jb, wkqymsl K jvk GZ ewk bkx wb q Avm e h, Zv cvnv oi Ici ivl j cvnvo a m hv e; wkš Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi bqvgzmg~ ni gvkvwejvq IB me wbwðý n q hv e Z e Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Avcb ingz I `qvi Øviv Zv `i K mvnvh Ki e (gymzv`iv K nv Kg 4/251 nv. 7638, AvZ ZviMxe [gybwhix] 2/273 nv. 2285) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn K. hgb ivm~j (mv.) Bikv` K ib, cö Z K mkv j cö Z K gvby li cöwzwu Rvov Ges nv oi Ici GKUv gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 5

m`kv IqvwRe nq 84 - (720 : (gymwjg kixd 1/250 nv. 720, Avey `vd` kixd 1/182 nv. 1286, gymbv ` Avng` 5/167) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn L. Ab GK nv`x m Av Q, gvby li kix i 360wU Rvov Av Q; cöwzwu Rvovi Rb GKwU K i m`kv Kiv Zvi Rb Riæwi mvnvev q Kivg wr Ám Ki jb, GZ ewk m`kv Kivi mvg_ K iv L? ivm~j (mv.) Bikv` digvb, cö Z K Zvmexn m`kv, cö Z K ZvKexi m`kv, GKevi jv Bjvnv Bjøvjøvn cov m`kv, iv Ív n Z Kó`vqK e mwi q djv m`kv : : : : : : : (gymwjg kixd 1/320 nv. 1007, gymbv ` Avng` 5/354 nv. 22998, Avey `vd` kixd 2/711 nv. 5242, mnx n Be b LyhvBgv 2/229 nv. 1226, gymbv ` Avex AvIqvbv 2/9 nv. 2121) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn M. nhiz Be b AveŸvm (iv.) e jb, kixi, Kvb I Pÿzi my Zv m ú K cökœ Kiv n e h Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv g nievwb K i GB mg Í wbqvgz `vb K iwq jb, Zzwg Gme Avjøvni Kvb Kv R LiP K iq? m~iv ebx BmivB j Bikv` n q QÑ A_ vr Kvb, Pÿz AšÍi m ú K wkqvg Zi w`b cö Z K e w³ K wrávmv Kiv n e h GB mg Í wrwbm Kv_vq e envi K iq ivm~j (mv.) Bikv` K ib, wpšív n Z gy³v _vkv I kvixwik my ZvI Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi eo wbqvgz GB m ú K I wrávmv Kiv n e : : : : " " : " : (ïõaveyj Cgvb [evqnvkx] 4/148 nv. 4613, Zvdmx i Zvevix 12/680 nv. 37886) nv`xmwui gvb : nvmvb : " : " : 8 N. nhiz gyrvwn` (in.) e jb, `ywbqvi cö Z K my ^v`y I Avb ``vqk e wbqvg Zi AšÍfz ³ G jv m ú K wrávmv Kiv n e (Zvdmx i Zveix 12/683 nv. 37905, Zvdmx i `yi i gbm~i 6/388) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn O. nhiz Avjx (iv.) e jb, mȳ ZvI Gi AšÍfz ³ gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 6

" : " (ïõaveyj Cgvb [evqnvkx] 4/148 nv. 4512, Zvdmx i Zvevix 12/681 nv. 37888) nv`xmwu MÖnY hvm P. nhiz Avjx (iv.)- K GK e w ³ wrávmv Kij, A_ vr KviAv bi AvqvZ AZtci mb w`b wbqvgzmg~ ni e vcv i Zvgiv wrávwmz n e (m~iv ZvKvm~i 8) Gi A_ Kx? wzwb ej jb, Gi A_ M gi iæwu I VvÐv cvwb G jv m ú K I wrávmv Kiv n e Ges evm vb m ú K wrávmv Kiv n e : : (Zvdmx i Be b Avex nv Zg 10/2460 nv. 19461, Zvdmx i `~i i gbm~i 6/612) nv`xmwu MÖnY hvm Q. GK nv`x m ewy Z Av Q, hlb D³ AvqvZ bvwhj n jv ZLb Kv bv Kv bv mvnvex AviR Ki jb, Bqv ivm~jvjøvn! Kvb wbqvgz m ú K wrávmv Kiv n e? Avgv `i Zv gvî Avav cu iæwu g j, ZvI R ei iæwu Inx bvwhj n jv, Zvgiv wk cv q RyZv c iv bv, Zvgiv wk VvÐv cvwb cvb K iv bv? G jvi Zv Avjøvni wbqvgz : : : (Zvdmx i Be b Avex nv Zg 10/3461 nv. 19465, Zvdmx i `~i i gbm~i 8/613) nv`xmwu MÖnY hvm R. GK nv`x m G m Q, D³ AvqvZ bvwhj niqvi ci Kv bv mvnvex AviR Ki jb, Bqv ivm~jvjøvn! Kvb wbqvgz m ú K wrávmv Kiv n e? Lvbvwcbvi Rb ïay LRyi Avi cvwb GB `yb wrwbmb Ry U _v K me mgq Avgv `i Z jvqvi Avgv `i Kuv ai Ici _v K, kîæ m y L Av QB ivm~j (mv.) Bikv` K ib, kxnªb cöpzi wbqvgz jvf n e : : : : " : : 8 : : (Zvdmx i Zvevix 24/585, wziwghx kixd 5/305 nv.3357, gymbv ` Avng` 5/429 nv. 23640, gymvbœv d Be b Avex kvqev 13/231 nv. 5486) nv`xmwui gvb : nvmvb S. GK nv`x m ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Bikv` K ib, wkqvg Zi w`b hb mg Í wbqvgz m ú K cökœ Kiv n e m jvi g a me cö_g GB cökœ Kiv n e h Avwg Zvgv K kvixwik mȳ Zv `vb K iwqjvg Avwg VvÐv cvwb Øviv Zvgvi wccvmv wbeviy K iwq Gi wk nk Av`vq K iq? : : : - : " : - (wziwghx kixd 2/173 nv. 3358, kiûm mybœvn 14/311 nv. 4120, Zvdmx i Zvevix 12/682 nv. 37899) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn T. GK nv`x m ewy Z Av Q, hme wbqvgz m ú K cökœ Kiv n e m jv n jv IB iæwui UzKiv, hv Øviv cu fiv nq, IB cvwb, hv Øviv wccvmv wbeviy Kiv nq Ges IB Kvco, hv Øviv kixi XvKv nq : : : " ". : (Zvdmx i Zvevix 12/683 nv. 37901, Zvdmx i Qvjex 10/282) nv`xmwu MÖnY hvm (Pj e BbkvAvjøvn) gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 7

`i m wdk n cvkvk-cwi Q` : AvnKvg I gvmv qj-7 cvmw oi drxjz I c Ö qvrb xq gvmv qj cvmwo K Aviex Z ÔBgvgvÕ ejv nq A b K GUv K ÔAvgvgvÕ e j _v Kb GUv Aï (RgÕDj Imv qj : 1/165, gikvz : 7/2773) cvmwo Kv K e j? Kz qzwfwëk wdkvn kv i wek Kv l i q Q, A_ : cvmwo ejv nq IB cvkvk K, hv MvjvK wz K i gv_vi Ici cupv bv nq (Avj giqzavzzj wdkwnq v Avj Kz qwzq v : 30/300) cöl vz Aviex Awfavb Ôwjmvbyj AvieÕ-G i q QÑ A_ : cvmwo n jv gv_vi cvkvk GUv cöwm wrwbm (wjmvbyj Avie : L. 9, c. 404) cvmwo cwiav bi drxjz : Bmjv gi ` wó Z cvmwo cwiav bi we kl iæz i q Q Avgv `i wcöq bex nhiz gynv ` (mv.) I mvnvev q Kivg (iv.) me mgq cvmwo cwiavb Ki Zb cvmwo cwiav bi drxjz wel q A bk nv`xm cviqv hvq cvmwoi cöwzwu cü v P b~ i f i hv e : nhiz ivkvbv (iv.) ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-gi G evyx ey bv K ib, A_ : Avgv `i I gykwik `i g a cv_ K n jv, Avgiv Uzwci Ici cvmwo cwiavb Kwi, Avi gykwikiv Uzwc Qvov cvmwo cwiavb K i hz cü vp w` q gv_vq cvmwo cwiavb Kiv nq, wkqvg Zi w`b cöwzwu cu v Pi wewbg q G KKwU b~i `vb Kiv n e (Kvbhyj D vj : nv. 41134) cvmwo d ikzv `i wb`k b : nhiz Dev`v (iv.) bex Kixg (mv.)-gi G evyx ey bv K i Qb, A_ : Zvgiv ` pfv e cvmwo K aviy K iv Kbbv GwU d ikzv `i wb`k b Avi cvmwoi cövší cq bi w` K Szwj q iv Lv (ï-aveyj Cgvb : nv. 5851) cvmwo Cgv bi AvjvgZ : cvmwo Cgvb I Kzd ii g a cv_ K ˆZwi K i bex Kixg (mv.) Bikv` K i Qb, A_ : wbðqb cvmwo Cgvb I Kzd ii g a cv_ K vcbkvix (gymbv ` Avwe `vd` Z qvjmx : 149) gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 8 gydzx kv n` ingvbx cvmwo e w³ Z i wekvk NUvq : cvmwoi m ½ gvby li e w³z wekv ki GKwU we kl m úk i q Q bex Kixg (mv.) Bikv` K i Qb, A_ : Zvgiv cvmwo cwiavb K iv GwU Zvgv `i Mv xh e w Ki e (gymzv`iv K nv Kg : nv. 7411, ï-aveyj Cgvb : nv. 5847) RygyÕAvi w`b cvmwo cwiav bi drxjz : RygyÕAvi w`b cvmwo cwiav bi we kl drxjz i q Q nv`xm kix d G m Q, A_ : wbðqb Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv RygyÕAvi w ` b R y g y Õ A v i m g q c v M w o cwiavbkvix `i Ici (we kl) ingz bvwhj K ib Ges d ikzviv `yõav Ki Z _v Kb (gvrgvdh hviqv q` : L. 5, c. 119) cvmwo cwiavb Kiv mybœvz : cvmwoi kiqx weavb n jv, GwU cwiavb Kiv mybœvz Kbbv ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) N i-evb i, åg Y-Avevm b AwaKvsk mgq cvmwo cwiavb Ki Zb wzwb mvnvev q Kivg KI cvmwo cwiavb Kivi wb ` k w` Zb

ZvB Zuviv AwaKvsk mgq cvmwo cwiavb Ki Zb Avi cvmwo cwiavb ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-gi Bev`ZMZ mybœvz niqvi cvkvcvwk Zuvi Af vmmz mybœvz m `n bb h cvmwo Avie ms wzi Ask G wel q nv`x mi fvl I cviqv hvq gnvbex (mv.) Bikv` K i Qb, A_ : cvmwo Avie `i gykzu ^iƒc hlb Zvgiv Zv Q o ` e, m vb nvwi q dj e ( gikvz) Avi GUvI mz h gnvbex (mv.) I mvnvev q Kivg (iv.) wbqwgz cvmwo cwiavb Kivi Kvi Y GwU Avie ms wzi E aÿ D V Bev`Z I Bmjvgx ms wzi iƒc wb q Q G Av jvpbvi gva g G welqi cwi vi n q hvq h cvkvk-cwi Q `i ÿ Î vbxq ms wzi f wgkv Ab ^xkvh Bmjvg ag g Z, kixq Zi wewawb la I mxgv ilv g b vbxq ms wz MÖnY Kiv A ea bq cvmwoi cwigvc I cwigvy : Avjøvgv myqyzx (in.) wj L Qb, bex Kixg (mv.)-gi cvmwoi mwvk cwigvc Kv bv weï nv`xm Øviv cögvwyz bq Z e nü v, Bgvg evbnvkx (in.) Zuvi bvgk wkzv e G wel q GKwU weeiy D jøl K i Qb, : : : A_ : nhiz Avey Avãym mvjvg (in.) e jb, ÔAvwg Be b Dgi (iv.)- K wrávmv K iwq bex Kixg (mv.) wkfv e cvmwo cwiavb Ki Zb?Õ wzwb e j Qb, Ôgnvbex (mv.) wbr cvmwo gv_vi Ici AveZ b Ki Zb Ges cq bi cü vp w` Zb, Avi `yb Kuv ai gvslv b cvmwoi cövší Q o w` Zb Õ G Z evsv hvq, gnvbex (mv.)-gi cvmwo K qk nvz j ^v wqj G wel q Avjøvgv Av bvqvi kvn Kvk xwi (in.) wj L Qb, A_ : AwaKvsk mgq gnvbex (mv.)-gi cvmwo wzb nvz j ^v wqj cuvp Iqv³ bvgv h mvz nvz j ^v cvmwo wqj Avi RygyÕAv I C `i bvgv h 12 nvz j ^v cvmwo wqj G wel q gvjøv Avjx Kvix ( in.) wj L Qb, A_ : Bgvg Rhix (in.) bvgk wkzv e D jøl K i Qb, Avwg gnvbex (mv.)-gi cvmwoi cwigvc Rvbvi Rb A bk MÖš cvv K iwq wcöq bexi wewfbœ Rxebxg~jK MÖš I BwZnv mi wewfbœ MÖ š I G e vcv i AbymÜvb K iwq wkš Avwg (G wel q) Zgb wkqz Rvb Z cvwiwb GKch v q GKRb wbf i hvm e w³ Avgv K e j Qb h wzwb Bgvg beexi ipbv _ K G e vcv i wkqy Rvb Z c i Qb Bgvg beex (in.) wj L Qb : gnvbex (mv.)-gi `yb ai bi cvmwo wqj QvU Ges eo QvU cvmwowu wqj mvz nvz j ^v Avi eo cvmwowu wqj 12 nvz j ^v ( gikvz : 1/84) Avgiv g b Kwi, G wel qi vbxq ms wz I vbxq Av jg `i AbymiY Ki j AvcwË _vkvi K_v bq ZvB `Lv hvq, Avgv `i G A j A b K gv_vi iægvj KL bv KL bv cvmwo wn m e e envi K ib cvmwo bv _vkv Ae vq iægv ji Ggb e envi wb q KD AvcwË K ib bv Kgb n e cvmwoi is : `ywbqvi gvbyl bvbv is I e Y i nq P qr I Pvwn`vI G KKR bi G KK ikg Bmjvg gvby li ^fvervz ag ZvB Bmjv g wewfbœ i Oi cvmwo cwiav bi my hvm ivlv n q Q gnvbex (mv.) _ KI Pvi i Oi cvmwo cwiav bi cögvy cviqv hvq mv`v, Kv jv, njy`, I jvj i Oi cvmwo wzwb cwiavb K i Qb gnvbex (mv.)-gi Kv jv cvmwo : gnvbex (mv.) Kv jv cvmwo cwiavb Kivi wel q GKvwaK nv`xm cviqv hvq nhiz Rv ei (iv.) ewy Z GK nv`x m G m Q, gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 9

A_ : g v wer qi w`b gnvbex (mv.) hlb g vq cö ek K ib, ZLb Zuvi gv_vq Kv jv i Oi cvmwo wqj (wziwghx kixd, nv. 1735) Ab nv`x m G m Q, A_ : nhiz Rvdi web Avgi web ûivbm Zuvi wczv _ K ey bv K ib h Avwg gnvbex (mv.)- K wg ^ ii Ici ` LwQ m mgq Zuvi gv_vq Kv jv i Oi cvmwo wqj cvmwowui cövší gnvbex (mv.) Zuvi `yb Kuv ai gv S Szwj q i L Qb (Avey `vd`, nv. 4077) gnvbex (mv.)-gi mv`v i Oi cvmwo : i Oi g a mv`v is wcöq bexi AwaK wcöq wqjñg K_v AmsL nv`x m G m Q gnvbex (mv.)-gi mv`v i Oi cvmwo cq `i welqwu nv`x m kix d Gfv e G m Q, A_ : nhiz Avãyi ingvb Be b AvDd (iv.) GKevi Kv jv i Oi DuPz-wbPz (Agm Y) cvmwo cwiavb K i Qb (GUv ` L) gnvbex (mv.) Zuv K Kv Q Wv Kb Zvici mb cvmwo Ly j wb jb Ges mv`v i Oi GKwU cvmwo cwi q w` jb cvmwowu wzwb cövq Pvi AvOz ji mgcwigvy gv_vi cq bi w` K Q o w` jb AZtci gnvbex (mv.) ej jb, n Be b AvDd! Gfv eb (mv`v i Oi) cvmwo cwiavb Ki e Kbbv GUvB DËg I my `i (gymzv`iv K nv Kg : 4/582) nhiz Avjx (iv.)-gi cvmwo m ú K nhiz Be b AveŸvm (iv.) e jb, A_ : wmd&dx bi hy Avwg Avjx (iv.)- K ` LwQ Zuvi gv_vq mv`v cvmwo wqj ( bnvqv, L. 5, c. 70) GKBfv e Zv eqx `i g a kvõwe I mvc` Be b RyevBi (in.) mv`v cvmwo cwiavb K i Qb e j ey bv cviqv hvq (Be b Avwe kvbev : nv. 24972-24973) nvjkv njỳ /Rvdivbx i Oi cvmwo : mvaviyz KvD K njy` i Oi cvmwo cwiavb Ki Z `Lv hvq bv wkš wcöq bex (mv.) nj ` i Oi cvmwo cwiavb K i Qb G wel q GKvwaK nv`xm cviqv hvq GK nv`x m G m Q, A_ : nhiz BmgvCj web Avãyjøvn web RvÕdi Zuvi wczv (iv.) _ K ey bv K ib, Avwg gnvbex (mv.)- K ` LwQ Zuvi cweî ` n Rvdivb i Oi `ywu Kvco wqj GKwU n jv Pv` i, A b w U n j v cv M w o (gymzv`i K nv Kg : 4/209 nv. 7395) Ab nv`x m G m Q, A_ : nhiz hv q` Be b Avmjvg (in.) _ K ewy Z Av Q, nhiz Be b Dgi (iv.) Zuvi `vwo njỳ i O iwob Ki Zb GgbwK Zuvi KvcoI njỳ i Oi n Zv Zuv K wrávmv Kiv n jv, Avcwb wb R K njỳ i O iwob K ib Kb? wzwb Reve w` jb, Avwg ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)- K ` LwQ wzwb njỳ i Oi Kvco e envi Ki Zb GB is Zuvi A bk cq `i wqj KL bv KL bv wzwb (njỳ i Oi wgj i L) Rvgv-cvMwo ( ` ni me Kvco) cwiavb Ki Zb (Avey `vd` : 4064) cwiewz Z mgvre e vq evsjv ` ki AvaywbK cvkvk ms wz Z njy` cvkv Ki e envi `Lv hvq we q Z ÔMv qnjy`õ Abyôv b bvix-cyiæ li Aeva AskMÖnY I Av iv wkqz Kzms wzi Kvi Y gymwjg dkxnmy GB Abyôvb K A ea e j Avm Qb cöqvz jlk nygvq~b Avn g `i KvíwbK PwiÎ ÔwngyÕ-Gi Av` j ZiæY cör b i KD KD njy` cvävwe cwiavb K ib Zuviv fv eb GUvB AvaywbKZv! Avevi A b K gv_v _ K cv ch ší GKB i Oi cvkvk-ajskvi e envi Kiv K AvaywbKZv g b K ib GwU LyeB `y tlr bk gymjgvb `i Rb me ÿ Î GKgvÎ g Wj n jv wcöq bex (mv.) Avgiv `L Z cvb, gnvbex (mv.) njỳ i Oi Rvgv, cvmwo I i Oi wgj i L gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 10

c v k v K c w i a v b K i Q b Ic ivwjøwlz nv`xm QvovI G wel q Av iv nv`xm cviqv hvq A_ : nhiz Avey ûivqiv (iv.) _ K ewy Z, wzwb e j Qb, ( GKevi) ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Avgv `i mvg b Av mb Zuvi `n gvevi K njy` Rvgv, njỳ Pv`i I njỳ cvmwo wqj (Zvwi L `v gkk : 34/385) GLv b we kl mzk Zv n jv, cvkv K Mvp njỳ is e envi Bmjv g wbwl ZvB Ic ivwjøwlz nv`xm jv Z nvjkv njy` i Oi K_v ejv n q Q GUvB dkxn Av jg `i AwfgZ nvjkv jvj i Oi cvmwo : cyiæ li Rb Mvp jvj i Oi cvkvk cwiavb Kiv Bmjv g wbwl Z e gnvbex (mv.) _ K nvjkv jvj i Oi cvmwo cwiav bi cögvy cviqv hvq nvmxm kix d G m Q, A_ : nhiz Avbvm Be b gv jk (iv.) _ K ewy Z, Avwg ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)- K IRy Ki Z ` LwQ Zuvi gv_vi ÔwKZixÕ GKwU cvmwo wqj wzwb cvmwoi wb P nvz cö ek Kivb AZtci gv_vi mvg bi Ask g mn K i bb wkš w Zwb cvmwo Lv jbwb (Avey `vd` : nv. 147) ÔwKZixÕ ejv nq Ggb Pv`i K, hvi g a nvjkv jvj is Av Q ( bnvqv wjbewbj Avwmi : 4/80) gnvbex (mv.) wk meyr i Oi cvmwo cwiavb K i Qb? gmwr ` beexi M ^yr meyr i Oi niqvq A b K meyr is K ag xq ` wó KvY _ K we kl gh v`v `b Avgv `i ` ki GK köwyi jvk meyr cvmwo cwiavb K i wb R `i ^vzš ervq iv Lb Avevi KD KD meyr GKwU cvmwoi Qwe GB e j cöpvi K ib h GwU ûryi (mv.)-gi cvmwo gvevik! A_P mnxn I Rqxd (m~îmzfv e mej ev `ye j) Kv bv nv`x m gnvbex (mv.) _ K meyr cvmwo cwiav bi cögvy bb G wel q Avjøvgv myqyzx (in.) wj L Qb, A_ : Gme jvk meyr i Oi cvmwo cwiavb K i A_P nv`xm I kixq Z GB cvmwoi Kv bv wfwë bb Bmjv gi cö_g hy MI Gi cöpjb wqj bv 773 wnrix Z Gi cöpjb n q Q QzÕevb web nvmvbb bvgk kvm K Gi c Ö Pjb NwU q Q GKBfv e Avjøvgv Be b nvrvi nvbqvgx (in.) wj L Qb, A_ : meyr cvmwoi (kixq Z) Kv bv wfwë bb ev`kv QzÕevb web nvmvb bi wb ` k 773 wnrix Z Gi cöpjb N U Z e nü v, Kv bv Kv bv mvnvex _ K meyr i Oi cvmwo cwiav bi cögvy cviqv hvq A_ : nhiz myjvbgvb web Avey Avãyjøvn (in.) e jb, Avwg cö_g w` Ki wnrizkvix mvnvex `i ( `L Z) c qwq Zuviv Kv jv, mv`v, jvj, meyr I njy` i Oi Agm Y cvmwo cwiavb K iqb (Be b Avwe kvbev : nv. 24987) meyr cvmwo cwiav bi weavb : G Z m `n bb h meyr is wcöq bexi wcöq is cweî KviAv b RvbœvZevmx `i cvkv Ki is meyr niqvi K_v D jøl Kiv n q Q G Rb mvaviyfv e meyr i Oi cvmwo cwiavb Kiv ˆea wkš hw` GB i Oi cvmwo cwiavb K wb Ri cwipq I ^vzš iÿvi gva g evwb q biqv nq, Z e Zv we`õavz wn m e MY n e Kbbv kixq Zi g~jbxwz n jv, Kv bv mvaviy ˆea e K wb Ri Rb Acwinvh K i biqv we`õavz Avi cöwzwu we`õavzb cwiz vm Kiv Riæwi (Kvkdzj evix, wkzveyj jevm : 172-173) ez gv b weåvší GK`j jvk meyr cvmwo cwiavb K i GB Kvi Y GwU cwinvi Kiv LyeB Riæwi Kbbv hlb Kv bv KvR we`õavzcš x `i wb`k b gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 11

n q hvq, ZLb Zv cwinvi Kiv AwaK DËg d Zvqv q kvgx Z i q Q, A_ : hlb Kv bv weavb mybœvz I we`õavz niqv wb q m `n `Lv `q, ZLb IB KvRwU Q o `Iqv DËg (kvgx : 1/642) cvmwoi kvgjv ev cövší : Bmjvgx kixq Z cvmwoi h weavb `Iqv n q Q, Zvi kvgjv ev cövší Q o `Iqv DwPZ Z e kixq Z kvgjvwenxb cvmwo cwiavb KivI ˆea (RgÕDj Imv qj : 1/164) wkš GB hy M kvgjv Qvov cvmwo cwiavb Kiv wkl `i wb`k b n q M Q myzivs Zv `i mv` k er b Kiv Acwinvh cvmwoi KqwU cövší ivl Z n e? cvmwoi kvgjv ev cöv šíi ÿ Î ^vaxbzv `Iqv n q Q KD PvB j GKwU ev `ywu kvgjv ivl Z cvi e nv`xm kix d GK kvgjvi cögvyi cviqv hvq `yb kvgjvi cögvyi cviqv hvq GK kvgjv m ú K nv`x m G m Q, A_ : nhiz Rvdi web Avgi web ûivbm Zuvi wczv _ K ey bv K i Qb, wzwb e j Qb, Avwg ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)- K wg ^ ii Ici ` LwQ Zuvi gv_vq GKwU Kv jv cvmwo wqj wzwb cvmwowui GK cvk Zuvi K uv ai gvslv b Sz wj q i L Qb (Avey `vd` : nv. 4077) cvmwoi `ywu kvgjv _vkvi welqwui Ic ivwjøwlz mvnvex _ K ewy Z n q Q Bgvg gymwjg (in.) mb iiqv qz ev ey bv MÖnY K i Qb wzwb wj L Qb, A_ : nhiz Rvdi web Avgi web ûivbm Zuvi wczv _ K ey bv K ib, wzwb e j Qb, Avwg hb `L Z cvw Q ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) wg ^ i Av ivny K i Qb Zuvi gv_vq GKwU Kv jv cvmwo cvmwowui `yb cvk Kuv ai gvslv b Svjv bv (gymwjg kixd : nv. 1359) cvmwoi cövší Kv_vq ivl e? cvmwoi cövší ivlvi ÿ ÎI ^vaxbzv `Iqv n q Q mvg b, cq b, Wv b h Kv bv w` K kvgjv ev cvmwoi cövší ivlv hvq ( RgÕDj Imv qj : 1/168) wkš cvmwo m úwk Z AwaKvsk nv`x m kvgjv cq bi w` K `yb Kuv ai gvslv b ivlvi K_v ejv n q Q ZvB wc Vi gvslv b kvgjv ivlv DËg (Kvkdzj evix, wkzveyj jevm : 170) kvgjv ev cvmwoi cövší ivlvi wel q Pvi ai bi nv`xm cviqv hvq cö_gz, cvmwoi cövší wc Vi Ici ivl e nv`xm kix d G m Q, A_ : Zvgiv cvmwo cwiavb K Avewk K K i bvi Kbbv GwU d ikzv `i wb`k b Avi kvgjv Zvgv `i wc Vi Ici Szwj q iv Lv (ïõaveyj Cgvb : nv. 5851) wøzxqz, kvgjv mvg bi w` K ivlv A_ : wnkvg (in.) e jb, Avwg Be b hyevbi K ` LwQ h wzwb cvmwo cwiwnz wq jb Zuvi cvmwoi `ywu kvgjv mvg bi w` K Svjv bv wqj (Be b Avwe kvbev : nv. 24977) Z ZxqZ, GK kvgjv mvg b Avi Ab kvgjv cq b ivlv hv e nhiz Avãyi ingvb web AvDd (iv.) e jb, A_ : Be b AvDd (iv.) e jb, ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Avgv K cvmwo cwi q w` q Qb GB cvmwoi GKwU kvgjv wzwb Avgvi mvg bi w` K Avi Ab wu cq bi w` K Q o w` q Qb (ïõaveyj Cgvb : nv. 5839) PZz_ Z, cvmwoi kvgjv Wvb w` K Kv bi cv k ivl e nv`xm kix d G m Q, A_ : nhiz Avey Dgvgv (iv.) _ K ewy Z, ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) KvD K kvmk evwb q cvvv j Zuv K cvmwo cwi q w` Zb Avi wzwb cvmwoi kvgjv Wvb w` K Kv bi cv k i L w` Zb (Zvevivbx Kexi : nv. 7641) (Pj e BbkvAvjøvn) gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 12

gywndm mybœvn nhiz gvijvbv kvn Aveiviæj nk n x nvi`~qx (in.)-gi Ag~j evyx A b i nk bó bv Kiv : A b i nk bv biqv Ges g i bv LvIqv hw` Kv iv KvQ _ K wkqy biqv nq Zvn j Zvi ûkzg n jv Zvi nk wdwi q `vi hw` wdwi q bv `vi Z e m gkeyj n Z cv i bv gybkx Avjx gynv ` mv ne bv g jv nv ii GK jvk wq jb wzwb nhiz _vbfx (in.)-gi Kv Q cî wjl jb Zv Z wzwb j Lb, nhiz! Avwg Avcbvi gviqv qr c owq Zv _ K Rvb Z cvijvg h e w³ Kv iv KvQ _ K Nyl wb q Q m hw` D³ Nyl diz bv `q, Zv ÿgv bv Kivq Z e Zvi bkx wqwb q biqv nq IB bkx hvi KvQ _ K Nyl biqv n q Q Zvi Avgjbvgvq P j hvq GB jlv covi ci _ K Avgvi g a GK ai bi wpšív m wó n q Q me mgq c ikvwb Avgv K AwZô K i i L Q KviY Avwg GKRb mikvwi PvKwiRxex Nyl wbzvg GLb Avwg Kx Kie? GB cvc _ K Avwg wkfv e gy³ n Z cvie nhiz _vbfx (in.) DË i j Lb KZ cwigvy Nyl Zzwg MÖnY K iq? KZ cwigvy m ú` Zvgvi Kv Q Av Q GwUi GKwU wnmve jvmvi wzwb wjl jb, Avgvi Ny li cwigvy Qq nvrv ii g Zv n Z cv i Zuvi iykw³ wqj ewk A_ev IB me Ny li wnmvei wzwb wj L ivl Zb Avi Avgvi m ú `i g~j gvb mvz nvrvi ZLb nhiz _vbfx (in.) j Lb, m ú` wewµ K iv hv `i KvQ _ K Nyl biqv n q Q Zv `i A_ Zv `i diz `vi Nyl`vZv `i hviv g Zz e iy K i Q Zv `i Iqvwik `i kbv³ K i IB A_ Zv `i Kv Q cušwq q `vi KD hw` wel L q d j ewg Kwi q Zvi kixi _ K wel ei Ki Z nq KD nvivg m ú` fÿy Ki j ZvI ewg Ki Z n e Z L b Z v i j b ` b mnxn-ms kvwaz n e hw` IB A_ Kv iv Kv Q msiwÿz bv _v K Z e Zvi ûkzg n jv Nyl`vZv e w³ `i Kv Q wm q IB A_ ÿgv Kiv Z n e ej Z n e, Avgvi e ovb fzj n q M Q, Avwg Avcbvi KvQ _ K Giƒc A_ wb qwqjvg GLb ey S Avmj G A_ Avgvi Rb `ywbqv I Av Liv Z fqven wec `i KviY n q Q GLb Avgvi Kv Q A_ m ú`i bb _vk j Avwg Avcbvi A_ Avcbv K diz w`zvg GLb Avgv K ÿgv K i w`b IB jvk e ovb mrmvnmx Ges ` p jvk wq jb wzwb PvKwi _ K QywU wb q RwgRgv wewµ K i bm` A_ n ÍMZ Ki jb Gici MÖv g MÖv g Nyi Z _vk jb N i N i wm q Ny li A_ diz w` jb gvbyl hlb wb Ri fzj m ú K AeMZ nq Ges ey S Av m ZLb ZvIev Kivi my hvm Ges mvnm nq IB msµvší me welq mnr n q hvq IB jvk hlbb Ny li UvKv diz `Iqvi Rb Kv_vI h Zb Lye B¾Z I m v b f w l Z n Z b A b K e jz gymjgvbmy hw` mevb Giƒc n q hvq Zvn j gymjgvb `i wech q n Zv bv m ú` cweî niqvi ci nr Kivi B Qv RvMÖZ n jv : `Lyb, IB jv Ki m ú` hlb mvz nvrvi wqj ZLb nr Kivi my hvm g jwb Ny li mg Í UvKv Av`vq Kivi ci Zuvi m ú `i cwigvy `uvovj GK nvrvi GLb Zuvi gv S nr Kivi eo AvKv ÿv n jv KviY Kx? nvivg e m ú `i Rb `~wlz i ³i b vq gvby li kixi _ K hlb `~wlz i³ ei n q hvq ZLb kixi wvk n q hvq ZLb ÿzavg `v `~i nq eis ewk ewk ÿyav m wó nq Wv³vi mv nei GLv b Av Qb m e vcv i wzwb Avcbv `i ej Z cvi eb h vb nvk m hy M 400-500 UvKv w` q nr Kiv hz GLb A bk UvKv LiP nq IB jvk hlb 7 nvrvi UvKvi gvwjk wq jb, n Ri AvKv ÿv Zuvi gv S m wó nqwb hlb Zuvi m ú` _ K `~wlz A_ AcmvwiZ n q GK nvrv i b g Gj ZLb Zuvi gv S n Ri cöej AvKv ÿv m wó n jv Ges nr Av`v qi ZvIdxK n jv AZtci Zuvi gv S cweî KviAvb wndr Kivi AvKv ÿv R b ZLb Zuvi eqm wqj 45 eqi ZLb _ K KviAvb ndr Kiv Avi K i w` jb 50 eqi eq m wzwb cweî KviAvb wndr K ib gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 13

Bdv`v Z nhiz dkxûj wgjøvz (ivngvzzjøvwn AvjvBwn) wewfbœ mgq QvÎ-wkÿK I mv jkxb `i D Ï k `Iqv ZvKixi _ K msm nxz k e eiv Zi drxjz I KiYxq Bmjvgx K v jûvi Abyhvqx kvõevb Aóg gvm G gv mi wkqz drxjz Ges KiYxq I er bxq Kv Ri weeiy Zz j aiv n jv kvõevb ivm~j (mv.)-gi gvm : GK nv`x m ewy Z ivm~j (mv.) Bikv` K ib, A_ vr igvrvb Avjøvni gvm Avi kvõe vb A vgvi gvm k võe vb gvbyl K cweî K i Avi igvrvb gvby li Mvbvn gvr bv K i (Be b AvmvwKi 72/155) kvõev bi `yõav : nhiz Avbvm (iv.) _ K ewy Z, hlb ire gvm ïiæ n Zv ZLb ivm~j (mv.) GB `yõav cvv Ki Zb, n A vjøvn! ire I kvõe v b Avgv `i eikz `vi Ges igvrvb ch ší cušwq q `vi (Avng`, 2228) ivrvi iæz : kvõev bi GKwU drxjz n jv, ivm~j (mv.) igvrvb Qvov ivrvi cöw Z me vw ak iæz G gv m w` Zb nhiz Av qkv (iv.) e jb, ivm~j (mv.) cövq kvõevbry ob ivrv ivl Zb (eylvix nv. 1970) nhiz Dmvgv web hv q` (iv.) _ K ewy Z, wzwb e jb, Avwg ejjvg, Bqv ivm~jvjøvn! Avcwb kvõev b h cwigvy ivrv iv Lb Ab Kv bv gv m Avcbv K GZ ewk ivrv ivl Z `wl bv (KviY Kx?) ivm~j (mv.) e jb, GUv Ggb GKwU gvm h gv mi drxjz m ú K gvbyl elei G gv m gvby li Avgj iveÿyj Avjvgx bi Kv Q ck Kiv nq ZvB Avwg ivrv Ae vq Avgvi Avgj ck nvkñguv cq ` Kwi (bvmvc 4/201) GK nv`x m Av Q, nhiz Av qkv (iv.) ivm~j (mv.)-gi Kv Q Rvb Z Pvb, Kx Kvi Y Avcwb kvõev b ivrv ivlv AwaK cq ` K ib? gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 14 DË i ivm~j (mv.) e jb, AvMvgx eqi g Zz eiykix `i bvg G gv mb jlv nq ZvB Avgvi g bvevmbv n jv Avgvi g Zz i dqmvjv ivrve vq nvk (AvËviMxe, nv. 1540) k e eivz : 15 Zvwi Li iv Zi Kvi Y I GB gvmwu we klfv e drxjzc~y GB ivzwu K KviAv b (jvbjvzzg gyevivk) Ges ivm~j (mv.)-gi fvlvq (jvbjvzzj evivavn) ejv n q Q Avi Avgv `i gv S G ivzwu k e eivz bv g cwiwpz Gi A_ n jv, bvrvz cviqvi ivz GB iv Z h nzz AmsL MvbvnMvi `i gvmwdivz jvf nq ZvB GB ivz K k e eivz ejv nq nhiz Av qkv (iv.) _ K ewy Z ivm~j (mv.) GK iv Z Avgv K wrávmv K ib, Zzwg wk Rv bv GwU Kvb ivz? Avwg AviR Kijvg, Avjøvn Ges Zuvi ivm~j fv jv Rv bb! ivm~j (mv.) e jb, GUv kvõev bi 15Zg ivz G iv Z Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv ev `v `i c Ö w Z i n g Z i b R i ` b

g v M w d i v Z c Ö v _ b v K v i x ` i gvmwdivz K ib ingz cöv_ x `i ingz K ib Kv bv gymjgv bi cöwz AšÍ i we Øl cvlykvix K Zvi nvj Z Q o `b (ïõaveyj Cgvb nv. 3554) ivz R M Bev`Z : nhiz gyavh (iv.) _ K ewy Z, ivm~j (mv.) Bikv` K ib, h e w³ cuvpwu iv Z RvMÖZ _ K Bev`Z Ki e Zvi Rb RvbœvZ IqvwRe n q hv e GB cuvpwu ivz n jv wrjn Ri 8 Zvwi Li ivz, Avidvi ivz, `yb C `i ivz Ges k e eivz (AvËviMxe nv. 1643) `yõav Keyj niqvi ivz : nhiz Avãyjøvn web Dgi (iv.) _ K ewy Z, ivm~j (mv.) Bikv` K ib, cuvpwu ivz Ggb Av Q, h iv Z Kv bv `yõav cöz vl vz nq bv, A_ vr Aek B Keyj nq Zb a GKwU ivz n jv k e eivz (ïõaveyj Cgvb, nv. 3440) k e eiv Zi `yõav : nhiz Av qkv (iv.) _ K ewy Z wzwb e jb, kvõev bi 15 Zvwi Li iv Z bdj bvgv hi wmr`vq ivm~j (mv.)- K G `yõav co Z ï bwq, AZtci hlb dri n jv Avwg ivm~j (mv.)-gi mvg b GB `yõavi D jøl Kwi ZLb ivm~j (mv.) e jb, Av qkv! G `yõav wb R wk Lv Ges Ab K wklvi KviY G `yõavwu nhiz wreªvcj (Av.) Avgv K wkwl q e j Qb, hb GB `yõavwu wmr`vq evievi cwo (ïõaveyj Cgvb nv. 3556) Rvnvbœvg _ K gyw³i ivz : Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv G iv Z AmsL Rvnvbœvgx K Rvnvbœvg _ K gyw³`vb K ib nv`x m ewy Z ivm~j (mv.) e jb, nhiz wreªvcj (Av.) Avgv K e j Qb, GUv k e eivz, G iv Z Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Kvje Mv Îi fovi ck gi P qi ewkmsl K Rvnvbœvgx K Rvnvbœvg _ K gyw³`vb K ib (AvËviMxe nv. 1545) k e eiv Zi eikz _ K hviv ewâz : k e eivz eikzgq niqvi welqwu m `nvzxzfv e cögvwyz wkš wkqy e` bmxe nzfvmv I wb e va G iv Zi eikz _ K ewâz _v K nv`x mi Av jv K Zviv n jv wkikkvix, e wfp vix, KvD K Ab vqfv e nz vkvix, AvZ xqzvi m úk wqbœkvix, UvLbyi wb P Kvco cwiavbkvix cyiæl, gv-evevi Aeva mšívb Ges bkvq Af Í e w³ wkqy we kl Avgj : k e eiv Z we kl wkqy Avg ji cöwz iæz v ivc Kiv evãbxq hgbñmgqg Zv Gkv Ges dr ii bvgvh Av`vq Kiv, mvg_ Abyhvqx bdj bvgvh cov, we kl K i Zvnv¾y` Av`vq Kiv, m e n j mvjvzzm Zvmexn Av`vq Kiv, KviAvb Kvixg ZjvIqvZ Kiv, `iƒ` kix di cöwz ewk iæz `Iqv, ewk ewk whwki Kiv, `yõavi cöwz gb hvmx niqv Ges gvmwdivz Kvgbv Kiv k e eiv Z msnwuz we`õavz I Kzms vi : Avd mvm, ez gv b GB cweî irbx Z Ggb wkqz Kzms vi I we`õav Zi Av qvrb Kiv nq, hvi mv _ Bmjv gi b~ bzg m úk bb hgbñn i N i nvjyqv-iæwu ˆ Z w i K i v, A v Z k e v w R, mw wjzfv e Kei v b hviqv, bvix `i Kei v b M gb Ges Kei vb, gmw R`, Nievwo I iv Í v N v U g w i PvevwZ Ø vi v Av jvkm¾vi e e v Kiv, wewfbœ v c b vq W K v i k b K iv, bi-bvix `i Aev a gjv gkv, Ke i mvjy `Iqv, WvK Xvj wcwu q Puv`v K i wlpzwo-wewiqvwb ivbœv K i Lvbvi Av qvrb Kiv BZ vw` ingz bvwhj niqvi G cweî iv Z Gme Kzms vi I we`õavz Q o Avjøvni mš wó AR bi mkj K ZvIdxK `vb Kiæb Avgxb web vm I MÖš bv : gydzx b~i gynv ` gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 15

Ôwmiv Z gȳ ÍvKxgÕ ev mij c_ gyrvwï`yj wgjøvz, nhiz gvijvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfx (in.)-gi AwfÁZv I wpšívavivi dmj grwj m `viqvzzj nk gvijvbv gydzx gbm~iæj nk (MZ 26 Rvbyqvwi eyaevi 2016 Bs iscyi Ry vcvov gv`ivmvq grwj m `viqvzzj n Ki gnvm j b kvblyj nv`xm gydzx gbm~iæj nk `v.ev.-gi cö`ë eqvb AbywjLb gydzx dliæj Bmjvg) nvg` I mvjv Zi ci... Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi A kl g nievwb, wzwb Avgv `i K KwVb ˆkZ cöevn D c v K i Ry vcvovi GB `viiv q nv`xm gv`ivmvq `viqvzzj n Ki gnvm j b mybœv Zi bv gi Ici Dcw Z niqvi ZvIdxK `vb K i Qb BbkvAvjøvn, GB grwjm nvk ii gq`v b bexwri cöwz Avgv `i AšÍ ii Bk&K I gneÿ Zi mv x n e b Pr `~i-`~ivší n Z hvzvqvz I Lvbvwcbvi Kó ^xkvi K i Avgiv GLv b Avm Z cvizvg bv Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv ZvIdxK w` q Qb, Zuvi nvex ei gynveÿz AšÍ i X j w` q Qb G Rb Avgv `i c ÿ m j b Avmv mnr n q Q Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv gvnwdj K ficyi Keyj Kiæb Gi Dwmjvq Avgv `i wczv-gvzv I AvZ xq ^Rb K gvd K i mk ji n`vqv Zi dqmvjv Kiæb Avwg Avcbv `i mvg b `ywu Avqv Z Kvixgv I `ywu nv`xm kixd ZjvIqvZ K iwq b e x w R ( m v j ø v j ø v û A v j v B w n Iqvmvjøvg)-Gi mybœv Zi iæz cö_g Avqv Z Avjøvn Zv ÕAvjv e j Qb, A_ : ivm~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Zvgv `i K hv `b Zv MÖnY K iv, Avi Zvgv `i K hv _ K wb la K ib Zv n Z weiz _v Kv Ges Avjøvn K fq K i P jv wbðq Avjøvn K Vvi kvw Í`vZv (m~iv nvki- 7) wøzxq Avqv Z Avjøvn Zv ÕAvjv e j Qb, A_ : n bex! gvbyl K e j w`b, Zvgiv hw` Avjøvn K fv jv e m _v Kv, Z e Avgvi AbymiY K iv, Z v n j A v j ø vn Z v g v ` i K fv jve vm eb Ges Zvgv `i Mvbvnmg~n gvd Ki eb Avjøvn AwZ ÿgvkxj, cig `qvjy (m~iv Av j Bgivb-31) nv`xm kix d bex wr (mvjøvj øvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K i Qb,... A_ : Bmjvg Zvi AwfhvÎv ïiæ K i Q AcwiwPZ Ae vq kxnªb Zv ïiæi Ae vq wd i hv e Z e Mvivev `i (AcwiwPZ gymvwdi) Rb mymsev`! hviv Avgvi B šíkv ji ci Avgvi mybœv Zi ga n Z gvbem ó gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 16 wepz wz I wek wz ms kvab K i ` e (mnxn gymwjg, nv. bs 389, mybv b wziwghx, nv. bs 2629, 2630) Ab Î Bikv` K ib,... A_ : Avgvi B šíkv ji ci Zvgiv hviv RxweZ _vk e Zviv A bk gzwe iva `L Z cv e m mgq Zvgv `i KZ e n e, Avgvi ZixKv K AuvK o aiv Ges Lvjvdv q iv køx bi ZixKv K greyz K i aiv (mybv b Avey `vd`, nv. bs 4607) gynzvivg Dcw wz! G gyn~ Z Avgvi D Ïk GKwU we kl gnbz m ú K Av jvpbv Kiv Zv n jv, grwj m `viqvzzj n Ki KvR wkfv e ïiæ n jv? Ges wkfv e Avgiv GB gnvb KvR jvf Kijvg? gyrvwï` Kv K e j? nvkxgyj D Z, gyrvwï`yj wgjøvz gvijvbv kvn Avkivd Avjx _vbfx (in.) MZ kzvãxi gyrvwï` Z_v Øxwb ms vik wq jb GB D Zi Rb Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv cöwz kzvãx Z gyrvwï` cöiy K ib ejvevûj, gyrvwï` cöiy Kiv bex cöi Yi g Zv bq A_ vr (Avjøvni cvbvn,) gyrvwï `i Kv Q Inx Av m bv Inxi `irv Zv wkqvgz ch ší mg qi Rb eü n q M Q eis Gi A_ n jv, D Zi e vck dvq`vi R b

D ZiB Kv bv eo Av jg K Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv gyrvwï` evwb q `b, hv Zuvi ms vig~jk KvRKg ` L Abyaveb Kiv hvq mvaviy Djvgv q Kivg Zv gvkvavjøvn D Zi A bk fzj-åvwšíb wvk K i `b wkš mg qi e eav b D Zi g a Ggb wkqz ÎæwU-wePy wz m wó nq, hw` K mvaviy Av jg `i ` wó hvq bv Gi nkgz I inm Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvB fv jv Rv bb Zv IB fzj-îæwu jv wpwýz K i Zv ms kvab Kivi Rb Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv cöwz kzvãx Z GK ev GKvwaK gyrvwï` ev ms vik cvvvb Avey `vd` kix di GK nv`x m Av Q, A_ : wbðq Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv GB D Zi Rb cöwz kzvãx Z gyrvwï` cöiy K ib, whwb Zv `i cö qvrbxq Øxwb ms vi mvab K ib (mybv b Avey `vd`, nv. bs 4291) gyrvwï`my mvaviyz `yb ai bi ms vig~jk KvR AvÄvg `b (K) Øx bi bv g A bk Mj` welq Øx bi g a cö ek K i gyrvwï`my G jv K úó K i Øxb _ K QuvUvB K i `b hgbñ 1. Dim kixd 2. Rk& b Ryjym 3. gxjv`-wkqvg 4. C ` gxjv`ybœex 5. Abyiƒcfv e wkqy e`bmxe jv Ki bex `i fzj aiv 6. mvnvev q Kiv gi m Z i gvckvwv g b bv Kiv, Zv `i mgv jvpbv Kiv ˆea g b Kiv 7. fð bexi AbymiY Kiv 8. gvhnve gvbvi `ikvi bb; eylvix kixd em j ivl jb Øx bi Ici Pjv hv eñg-rvzxq K_vevZ v cöpvi K i Øx bi g a wek Ljv m wó Kiv B Z vw ` wel q jv g~ jz Øxbewnf Z; wkš Øx bi bv g D Zi g a Pvjy n q M Q gyrvwï`my G ai bi f z j jv w Pw ý Z K i `wjj-cögv Yi gva g mg~ j wgwu q `b D jøl, mnxn eylvixi `vnvb w` q gvhnve A ^xkvi Kivi welqwu Kb f z j Z v e v S v i R b G K U z e vl vmnkv i ck Kiv n Q mnxn eylvix Z Ggb A bk nv`xm Av Q, h jv iwnz n q M Q hgbñ 1. mnxn eylvixi GK nv`x m wrjnr gv mi 11, 12 Zvwi L ivhv ivlvi K_v ejv n q Q (mnxn eylvix, nv. bs 1996) Avevi ciez x GK nv`x m Zv nvivg ejv n q Q (mnxn eylvix, nv. bs 1997, mybv b Avey `vd`, nv. bs 2418, mybv b bvmvqx, nv. bs 2888) 2. GK nv`x m Av Q, Zvgvi Bgvg hw` e m bvgvh covq, n gy³v`x! ZzwgI e m e m Bw³`v K iv (mnxn eylvix; nv. bs 722, mnxn gymwjg; nv. bs 417) wkš GB weavb bexwri AwšÍg gyn~ Z e m e m BgvgwZ Kiv Avi mvnvev `i `uvwo q `uvwo q Bw³`v Kivi Øviv iwnz n q M Q (mnxn eylvix; nv. bs 714) 3. Bmjv gi ïiæi w` K bvgv h evievi nvz Zvjvi ûkzg wqj GUv nhiz Avãyjøvn Be b Dgi (ivwh.) KZ K ewy Z nv`xm Øviv cögvwyz (mnxn eylvix; nv. bs 736) wkš h Avãyjøvn Be b Dgi (ivwh.) D³ nv`xm ey bv K i Qb mb wzwbb Av ikwu nv`x m ey bv Ki Qb, bexwr (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) g`xbv kix d Avmvi ci bvgv h GKev ii ewk nvz DVv Z wb la K i Qb (AvLeviæj dzkvnv Iqvj gynvwïmxb wjjkvbiviqvbx) Avãyjøvn Be b Dgi (ivwh.)-gi eogv ci kvm i`, wewkó gynvwïm nhiz gyrvwn`, nhiz Avãyj Avhxh Be b nvwkg, nhiz Aveyj Avwjqv (in.) cögyl e j Qb, Avgiv Avgv `i D Ív` nhiz Avãyjøvn Be b Dg ii cq b K qk eqi bvgvh c owq; wkš Zuv K bvgv h GKev ii ewk nvz DVv Z `wlwb (kiû gvavwbj Avmvi; nv. bs 1323, gyavëv Bgvg gynv v`; nv. bs 108) Kv RB ciez x `yb nv`xm Rvbvi ci nhiz Avãyjøvn Be b Dgi (ivwh.) _ K bvgv h K qkevi nvz DVv bvi nv`xm ey bv Kiv Kv bv Ae vq wvk n Z cv i bv KviY G nv`xmwu g x w h `M x Z _ vk v K vjx b w Z w b e jwq jb G-RvZxq A bk iwnz nv`xm mnxn eylvix Z Av Q 4. xi m ½ cwic~y wgjb n q Q; wkš exh cvz nqwb, PviI gvhnve gvzv ek G `i Df qi Ici Mvmj dih n e, hv mnxn eylvixi 291 bs nv`x m D jøl Av Q A_P eylvix kix di `y-`ywu v b Av Q, G `i Ici Mvmj dih n e bv, ïay IRy K i wb jb n e (mnxn eylvix; nv. bs 292, 293) c~ e i nv`xm Øviv c ii nv`xmwu iwnz n q M Q Kvb mnxn nv`xm Avgj hvm? gvuk_v, G-RvZxq welq jv GK hvgvbvq wqj ciez x Z IB ûkzg iwnz n q M Q KviY Øx b Bmjvg GKw` b ev GKev ib cwic~y n q hvqwb; ax i ax i mỳ xn ZBk eq i Zv c~y Zvq cuš Q Q d j A bk cyivzb ûkzg bzzb ûkzg Øviv cöz vnvi Kiv n q Q nv`x mi wkzv ei jlkmy Bmjv gi c~y v½ BwZnvm msiÿ Yi ^v _ bzzb-cyivzb, Av Mi c ii mkj weavbmsewjz nv`xm wkzv e wjwce K i w` q Qb myzivs nv`x m _vk jb Ges ey bvm~î gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 17

mnxn n jb me ÿ Î Zvi Ici Avgj Kiv hvq bv eis nv`x m ewy Z weavbwu bexwri mv _ Lvm wqj wk bv? ev D Zi Rb e j _vk ji bexwri B šíkvj ch ší Zv envj wqj wk bv Zv-I `L Z nq evsv Mj, h ûkzgwu bexwri mv _ Lvm ev h ûkzgwu iwnz n q M Q, ey bvm~î m `nvzxz niqvi Kvi Y muv mnxn nv`xm G K_v wvk Ges Zv Bmjv gi mwvk BwZnvmI e U; wkš mybœvz A_ vr Avgj hvm bq wkqy ZB eis Gme nv`x mi Ici Avgj Kiv D Zi Rb bvrv qh e U GKwU mnxn nv`xm, hvi Ici Avgj Kiv bvrv qh Ggb nv`xm mnxn eylvix Z A bk i q Q D`vniYZ GKB mg q wb Ri weev n Pv ii AwaK x ivlv bexwr (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg)-G i we kl ˆewkó wqj G K_vi ey bv KviAv b Kvix gi G m Q Ges bexwri mxivz msiÿ Yi e nëi ^v _ nv`xm wn m e mnxn eylvix ZI G m Q wkš GUv K mybœvz g b K i Kv bv gymjgvb Gi Ici Avgj Ki Z cvi e bv Kbbv G weavb bexwri m ½ wbw` ó bexwr e ZxZ Ab vb `i Rb GKB mg q wb Ri Aax b Pv ii AwaK x ivlv Rv qh bb myzivs hviv e j eylvix kixd em j ivl j gvhnve gvbvi `vikvi bb; Zv `i K ejv n e, Zvn j ZvgivI GKB mg q 9wU ev 11wU K i we q K iv KviY GKB mg q bexwr KZ K 9 Rb ev 11 Rb x ivlvi K_v Zv mnxn nv`x mb Av Q (mnxn eylvix; nv. bs 284) Avi Zvgiv Zv nv`xm gvbvib `vwe K i _v Kv ejyb, G nv`x mi Ici Avgj Kiv Zv `i Rb Rv qh n e? n e bv KviY GUv nv`xm mz ; wkš mybœvz bq m K j g y n v w Ï m I g y d v m w m i gvhnvecš x wq jb Bgvg eylvix (in.) mnxn eylvixi Kv_vI G K_v e jbwb h Zvgiv Avgvi GB wkzve em j wb q Nyi Z _v Kv, Zvgv `i Avi gvhnve gvbv jvm e bv eis ^qs Bgvg eylvix, Bgvg gymwjg, Bgvg wziwghxmn eo eo mkj gynvwïm Ges eo eo mkj gydvmwmi mviv Rxeb Kv bv bv Kv bv gvhnve g b Pj Zb KD nvbvdx gvhnve, KD kv dqx gvhnve, KD nv ^jx gvhnve Avevi KD gv jkx gvhnve AbymiY Ki Zb gvhnve AbymiYKvix gynvwïm I gydvmwmi `i GKwU weivu ZvwjKv Avwg Avgvi wjwlz wkzve Ôgvhnve I ZvKjx`Õ-Gi g a ck K iwq gvhnve gvbv hw` wkik nq Zvn j n jv-gvhnvexiv! gvhnveiqvjv `i mskwjz wkzve w` q Zvgiv nv`x mi `wjj ck Ki Qv wkfv e? KviY gvhnve gvbvi Kvi Y Zvgv `i g Z Z v i v Z v g y m j g v b B b q (bvdhywejøvn) eqv`weii GKUv mxgv _vkv `ikvi hv `i wkzv ei wfwë Z nv`xm mnxn-hqxd wbwy Z nq Zuviv mk j gvhnvecš x wq jb Av ikwu K_v ey Szb nv`xm K mnxn-hqxd wn m e gvcv nq wgkkvz RvgvAv Zi wkzve ÔbyLevZzj wdkviõ, D PZi nv`xm M elyv wefv Mi wkzve ÔgyKvwÏgvZz Bewbm mvjvn&õ Øviv huviv Gme wkzve wj L Qb ZuvivI Kv bv bv Kv bv gvhnv ei Abymvix wq jb MvB i gykvwjø` jv-gvhnvex fvb `i e³e Abyhvqx gvhnve Abymi Yi Kvi Y Zviv Zv ecgvb, Zvn j Zvgiv Zv `i wkzve w` q mnxn-hqxd wby q Ki Qv wkfv e? Avmj K_v n jv, gvhnve Abymvixiv ecgvb bq, ZvgivB eis wb R `i Cgv bi LuvR wb q ` Lv Avi G `i wkzve ev` w` q mnxn nv`xm Øviv cögvy K iv h mnxn nv`xm Kv K e j? hqxd nv`xm Kv K e j? Zvgv `i K wkqvgz ch ší mgq `Iqv n jv jv-gvhnvex eüzmy wk Øx bi Riæwi wkzvemg~n ck Ki Z cvi eb? kixq Zi ûkzg-avnkvg ey bvi Rb Qq a i b i w K Z ve cö qvr b : Zvdmx ii wkzve, Dm~ j Zvdmx ii wkzve, nv`x mi wkzve, Dm~ j nv`x mi wkzve, wdk ni wkzve, Dm~ j wdk ni wkzve Avgiv gvhnveiqvjviv Avgv `i jlv GB Qq ai bi wkzveb `Lv Z cvie Kv bv jv-gvhnvex eüz wk `Lv Z cvi e G Qq wel qi Ici Zv `i jlv Kv bv wkzve? cvi e wkfv e! Zv `i Rb Zv weªwuk ewbqv `i hvgvbvq Avi GB wkzve jv jlv n q Q 12-13 kz eqi Av M 12-13 kz eqi Av M Zv Avi VjvIqvjv, wikkviqvjv, `wr, mybcvi bv g Avn j nv`x mi Kv bv Aw ÍZ wqj bv Kv RB Zviv `Lv e Kv Ì K? ez gv bi Avn j nv`xmiv Zv gw Bb B BwÛqv Kv úvwb wvk hgwbfv e Mvjvg Avngv` Kvw`qvbx weªwu ki KviLvbvq cö ZK Z (fð) bexõ! Zv GKRb gyrvwï` G mkj e`&øxwb welqvw` K wpwýz K i Øxb _ K LvwiR K i `b (L) gyrvwï` `i wøzxq `vwqz : Øx bi A bk Riæwi welq Øxb _ K ev` c o hvq m jv K gyrvwï`my cybivq Øx bi g a AšÍfz ³ K i gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 18

`b hgbñ 1. gỳ v K Ke i Wvb Kv Z kvqv bv mybœvz (mybv b Avex `vd`; nv. bs 2875) wkš Avgiv wpz K i kvqvb Zvici Nvo euvkv K i ïay PnvivUv wkejvi w` K K i w`b GUv wk mybœvz ZixKv? mybœvz ZixKv n jv gvbwq Zi wmbvmn cy iv kixi wkejvi w` K K i ivl Z n e kixi wpz K i i L ïay Pnviv wkejvgylx Ki j h _ó n e bv (dvzviqv kvgx 2/235, mybv b Avey `vd`; nv. bs 2875, gymzv`iv K nv Kg; nv. bs 1305) gvbwqz K Rjw` `vdb Kiv mybœvz 2. Avgiv gvbwq Zi `vd b Ah_v wej ^ Kwi GUv Rv qh, bv bvrv qh? nv`x mi wkzve Ly j `Lyb bexwr (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) e j Qb, (A_ ) Kv bv gymjgv bi jvk Zuvi cwiev ii g a AvU K ivlv (A_ vr `vd b wej ^ Kiv) DwPZ bq (mybv b Avey `vd`; nv.bs 3159) A_P Q j `L e, RvgvB- g q jûb _ K Avm e, mviv ` ki gvbyl Rvbvhvq kixk n e BZ vw` ARynv Z Avgiv GUv wbwø avq K i hvb Ges `vd b wej ^ Kwi mviqve imvbxi LZ gi wewbgq jb `b bvrv qh 3. gỳ vi Rb mviqve imvbx UvKv ev wewbgq Qvov n Z n e (dvzviqv kvgx 2/241) 4. LZg Zvivexn wewbgq Qvov n Z n e (gymvbœv d Be b Avex kvbev; nv. bs 7738, 7742, gymvbœv d Avãyi ivh&hvk; nv. bs 19444) igvrv b nv dr `i cöwz `iw` mvrv wvk bq! A b K igvrvb gvm G j nv dr mv ne `i cöwz Lye `iw` n q I V; Zviv cökœ K i, UvKv bv wb j nv driv Lv e Kv Ì K? A_P evwk GMv iv gvm nv dr mv ne `i Kv bv LuvRLei bq bv wbqg Zv wqj, nv dr mv nemy `ywbqvex cov kvbv I Avivg-Av qk K D cÿv K i wb Ri wmbvq KviAv b Kvix gi `ŠjZ AR b K i Q d j Avjøvni Kv Q Zv `i g~j I g~j vqb KíbvZxZÑGB Kvi Y Zv `i K m vb Kiv, gynveÿz Kiv Ges D³ gynveÿ Zi wfwë Z mviv eqi Zv `i LuvRLei biqv, h_vmva nvw`qv- Zvndv BZ vw` ck Kiv nv dr mv ne K gynveÿz Kivi GUv ˆea cš v wkš Zv bv K i ïay igvrv bi GK gvmb nv dr `i cöwz `i` `Lvq Ges LZ g Zvivexni we wb gq b vr v qh cqm v Zz j nv dr `i `q nv dr mv ne `i wek vm ivl Z n e, n nv dh mv ne! Zvgvi wmbvq 30 cviv KviAvb Zv Zvgvi evev iv Lwb, ZzwgI ivlwb; eis Avwg gvijv q Kvixg wb R i LwQ (m~iv wkqvgvn-17) n nv d R KviAvb! Zzwg mviqv ei Avkvq gvbyl K KviAvb ïwb q hvi Avwg Zvgvi Rb B¾ Zi wiwh Ki e e v Kie Avwg 11 gvm Zvgv K LvIqvB Avi GK gvm LvIqv Z cvie bv! Avgvi Ici Av v iv L v, Z vgv K `ywbqv`vi `i mvg b eb¾z Kie bv KviY ÔAvwg Zvgv K KviAv bi wbqvgz G Rb `Bwb h Zzwg Kó Ki e Õ (m~iv Z -nv-2) `ªæZZg mg qi g a gxivm eèb Kiv 5. Kv iv g Zz n j hz`~i m e mßvnlv b Ki g a dviv qh ei K i cö Z K Iqvwi ki cövc eyws q `Iqv AZ ší Riæwi welq (m~iv wbmv-10) wkš Avgv `i ` k wk GUv nq? nq bv GUv mwvkfv e bv niqvi Kvi Y GKR bi nk Ab Rb g i Lvq Av iv gvivz K K_v, gvbwq Zi bvev jk mšívb _vk j mb BqvZx gi m ú` Zvi gv, fvb- evb, AvZ xq- ^Rb GgbwK A bk ÿ Î Av jg-djvgv `ii LvIqv n q hvq, hv `vh Li Av b LvIqvi mgzzj Avjøvn ndvrz K ib G-RvZxq AMwYZ fzj Avgv `i g a cöpwjz Av Q gyrvwï `i wøzxq KvR n jv, G fzj jv Pv L AvOzj w` q `wl q `Iqv; wkzv ei c ôv Ly j Ly j `Lv bv h ` Lv wkzv e Kx Av Q Avi Avgv `i mgvr wkfv e Pj Q Avi Avgv `i Avg j Kx Av Q? Zv GB welq jv nv Z-Kj g awi q w` q ms kvab KivB n jv gyrvwï `i Avmj KvR Av Lix D Zi gyrvwï` Kviv? GB D Zi cö_g gyrvwï` wq jb nhiz Dgi Be b Avãyj Avhxh (in.) Avi kl gyrvwï` n eb nhiz Bgvg gvn`x AvjvBwni wihiqvb Gi gv S cöwz kzvãx Z gyrvwï` G m Qb Ges fwel ZI Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv cvvv eb nhiz _vbfx (in.) wq jb 14 kzvãxi gyrvwï` MZ kzvãxi gyrvwï` wq jb nvkxgyj D Z nhiz gvijvbv kvn Avkivd Avjx _vbfx (in.) wzwb `viæj Dj~g `Ie ` hv `i Kv Q jlvcov K i Qb Zuviv Zuvi Kg Rxeb ` L mv w` q Qb h Avgv `i GB QvÎ K Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv gyrvwï` wn m e Keyj K i Qb AvIjv ` ivm~j nhiz gvijvbv gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 19