gvwmk Avj-Aveivi The Monthly AL-ABRAR iwr. bs-145 el -4, msl v-07 AvM 2015 Bs, whjk` 1436 wn., kövey 1422 evs cöwzôvzv I cöavb c ô cvlk dkxûj wgjøvz gydzx Ave`yi ingvb (`vgvz evivkvzzûg) cöavb m úv`k gydzx Avikv` ingvbx m úv`k gydzx wkdvqvzzjøvn kwdk wbe vnx m úv`k gvijvbv wiriqvb idxk Rgxivev`x mnkvix m úv`k gvijvbv gynv ` Av bvqvi nvmvbb weávcb cöwzwbwa gynv ` nv kg mvkz jkb wel q hvmv hvm 01191911224 wewbgq : 20 (wek) UvKv gvî cöpvi msl v : 10,000 (`k nvrvi) hvmv hvm m úv`bv `dzi gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k eøk-ww, dkxûj wgjøvz miwy, emyüiv Av/G, XvKv dvb : 02-8402091, 02-8845138 B- gbj : monthlyalabrar@gmail.com I qe : www.monthlyalabrar.com www.monthlyalabrar.wordpress.com www.facebook.com/gvwmk-avj-aveivi m úv`bv welqk Dc `óv gydzx Gbvgyj nk Kv mgx gydzx gynv ` mynvbj gydzx Avãym mvjvg gvijvbv nviæb gydzx idxkyj Bmjvg Avj-gv`vbx m~wpcî m úv`kxq... 2 cweî Kvjvgyjøvn _ K :... 3 cweî mybœvn _ K : ÔdvRv q j AvgvjÕ wb q GZ weåvwší Kb-8... 5 `i m wdkn : nr I Dgiv : Zvrch, drxjz I cö qvrbxq gvmv qj. 9 gydzx kv n` ingvbx nhiz nvi`~qx (in.)-gi Ag~j evyx... 16 gviqv q h dkxûj wgjøvz : Av`k Zv j e Bjg... 17 Òwmiv Z gȳ ÍvKxgÓ ev mijc_ : jv-gvhnvex eüziv! `qv K i Reve ` eb wk?... 22 gvijvbv gydzx gbm~iæj nk n Ri ZvwiL wb q weåvwšíi AeKvk bb... 24 gydzx iwdkzj Bmjvg Avj gv`vbx gỳ ªvi ZvwË K ch v jvpbv I kiqx weavb-19... 30 gvijvbv Av bvqvi nvmvbb bexwr (mv.)-gi nr : (wkqz wkÿyxq welq)... 35 gydzx kixdzj AvRg gvhnve cöm ½ Wv. RvwKi bv q Ki AccÖPvi 15... 41 gvi. BRnviæj Bmjvg AvjKvImvix wrávmv I kiqx mgvavb... 44 gjd Rv Z AvKv ei... 47 gvevbj: cöavb m úv`k: 01819469667, m úv`k:01817009383, wbe vnx m úv`k: 01191270140 mnkvix m úv`k: 01855343499 weávcb cöwzwbwa: 01711803409, mvkz jkb g v brvi : 01191911224 gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 1
m úv ` Kx q Dcgnv ` k gymwjg kvmk `i Avg j Zuv `ib ZË veav b Bmjv gi cöpvi-cömvi I Bjgx wl`gvz AvÄvg`v b nvrv iv gv`ivmv I wkÿvcöwzôvb mwµq wqj 1857 Bs ch ší cy iv Dcgnv ` k Gme gv`ivmvq bvû, mid, evjvmvz, wdkn, Dm~ j wdkn, hyw³ I ZK kv, ZvmvDd, Zvdmxi Ges nv`x mi wbqwgz `im PjZ 1857 mv j Bs ir kvmb cöwzôv niqvi ci cy iv GjvKv ÔivRv-ev`kvniv hlb Kv bv Rbc ` cö ek K i, ZLb Zv K wech Í K i `q Ges mlvbkvi m vší e w³em K Ac` K iõñg K_vi weg~z ev ÍeZvq cwiyz nq Zv `i Avwac Z i d j AÎ GjvKvi gymjgvbmy ag xq, A_ bwzk, mvgvwrk, mvs wzk I wkÿvmzfv e h AatcZb I wech qi wkkvi n qwqj, Zv my`xn GK ü`qwe`vix BwZnvm hvi KiæY wpî ÔBwÛqvb gymjgvbmõ MÖš mn, ÔAvmev e evmviqvzõ, ÔiIkb gȳ ÍvKwejÕ, ÔbK k nvqvzõ BZ vw` wkzv e mwe Ív i D Z Av Q gymjgvb `i G nb fvqven bvryk cwiw wz Z ZrKvjxb D Zi ivnei Djvgv q Kivg Ges gymwjg `vk wbkm Yi H K e w m vš Í n q, m ik vw i f v e cöw Z w ô Z wkÿvcöwzôvb jv mwvk Bmjvgx wkÿv I ms wzi cy ivcywi cöwzwbwaz Ki Z Aÿg eis Gi gva g mwvk Bmjvgx wkÿv I ms wz msiÿ Yi e` j aÿsm niqvib cöej Avk¼v Giƒc Ae v _ K D ËviY Ges gymjgvb `i wkÿv Kvh µg cybiæ v ii cš v Kx n Z cv iñg e vcv i ZrKvjxb `ywu wpšívaviv I wm vší cviqv hvq KD KD gymjgvb `i A_ bwzk I mvgvwrk Ae v we epbvq wewfbœ AvaywbK wkÿvi AbycÖ e ki gva g Bmjvgx wkÿv cvv µg cöpj bi wpšívaviv ev Íevqb K ib D³ wpšívavivq cöwzwôz nq ÔAvjxMo gymwjg BDwbfvwm wuõ wkš GB wpšívavivi weiæ ^qs D³ cöwzôvb _ KB øvmvb I V Bmjvgx wkÿvi mwvk cöwzwbwaz Ki Z Zviv e _ nq Djvgv q Kiv gi wpšívaviv wqj, Bmjvg I gymjgvb `i Aw ÍZ iÿvi GKgvÎ DcvqÑmwVK Bmjvgx wkÿvi cöpvi-cömvi Ges Ávbx- Yx gyëvkx I iƒnvbx e w³z m wó GB D Ïk ev Íevqb Ki Z n j mikv ii Avw_ K mvnvh I wbqš Ygy³ ^Zš Øxwb wkÿvcöwzôvb M o Zvjvi Kv bv wekí bb gymjgvb `i A_ bwzk I mvgvwrk Ae vi ev Íe wpî Zuv `i mvg bi we` gvb wqj wkš Zuviv me bxwz-av`k hb wpi AUzU _v K gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 2 wkqzi P q ewk iæz w` q Qb Cgvb, Bmjvg Ges Bmjvgx Av`k I wkÿv KB Ava vwz Kfv e cövß GB wpšívavivi AMÖcw_K n jb û¾vzzj Bmjvg gvijvbv Kv mg bvbyzex (in.) Avhnviæj wn ` `viæj Dj~g `Ie ` n jv GB wpšívavivi ev Íe iƒc ez gv b Øxwb wkÿvi bv g cvewjk gv`ivmvi hzwu aviv we` gvb, meb G `yb wpšívavivi cöz ÿ ev c ivÿ cöwzwbwaz Kvix kzvwak eq ii ev ÍeZvq G K_v cögvwyz mz wn m eb D vwmz n q Q GKgvÎ BLjvm Ges ZvKIqvi wfwë Z cöwzwôz `viæj Dj~g `Ie `i wpšívaviv I Av` k i gva g mwvk Bmjvg `ywbqv Z wu K Av Q Ges _vk e ZviB ev Íe cöwzwbwa G ` ki nvrv iv KIgx gv`ivmv mvaviy gymjgvb `i Abỳ v b cwipvwjz Gme `Ie `x gv`ivmv hgb GKw` K mwvk Bmjvgx wkÿv we Ív ii M vivw U, Ab w` K Av`k gnvcyiæl m wói GK ev Íe BwZnvm myzivs KIgx gv`ivmv hz w`b Zv `i GB iƒnvbx wpšívaviv I bxwz-av` k i Ici AUj-AwePj _vk e, ZZ w`b mwvk Bmjvgx wkÿv we Ív ii evm Wvi Zuv `i nv ZB we` gvb _vk e ZuvivB n eb Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv I ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-gi b~ivbx Bjg Ges Bmjv gi mwvk cönix ZvB mk ji cö Póv _vk Z n e GB bxwz-av`k hb wpi AUzU _v K `viæj Dj~g `Ie `i mšívb `i KvQ _ K my KŠk j HwZn evnx GB Bjgx bz Z wqwb q biqvi AccÖqvm P j Q hy M hy M Ges GL bv Pj Q G Kvi YB g~jz wewfbœ mgq KIgx gv`ivmvi cvv µg, cwipvjbv c wz, A_ bwzk e e vcbv BZ vw` wb q wewfbœ mycvwik, cö Íve I gvqvkvbœv kvbv hvq Mfxi ` wó Z we epbv Ki j `Lv hv e KIgx gv`ivmv K AvaywbKxKi Yi Gme gvqvkvbœv g~jz DwjøwLZ e _ wpšívavivib be fvm b G Qvov wewfbœ ivr bwzk, A_ bwzk, Av`wk K Ges mvs wzk KŠkjI Gi cq b Kv R jvmv bv n Q Avgiv `yõav Kwi, Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv hb mkj lohš _ K Avgv `i iÿv K ib Avevi G `yõavi Kwi, Avjøvn cö`ë GB cš vi weiæ lohš K i hb KD wb R `i `ywbqv I Av LivZ eiev` bv K ib Avgxb Avikv` ingvbx 29/07/2015 Bs
cweî Kvjvgyjøvn kixd _ K D PZi Zvdmxi M elyv wefvm : gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k 59. AZtci Zv `i ci Gj Ac`v_ ciez xiv Zviv bvgvh bó Kij Ges KzcÖe wëi AbyeZ x n jv myzivs Zviv AwP ib c_åózv cöz ÿ Ki e 60. wkš Zviv e ZxZ, hviv ZIev K i Q, wek vm vcb K i Q myzivs Zviv Rvbœv Z cö ek Ki e Ges Zv `i Ici Kv bv Ryjyg Kiv n e bv 61. Zv `i vqx emevm n e hvi Iqv`v `qvgq Avjøvn Zuvi ev `v `i K A` k fv e w` q Qb Aek B Zuvi Iqv`vq Zviv cušq e 62. Zviv mlv b mvjvg e ZxZ Kv bv Amvi K_vevZ v ïb e bv Ges mlv b mkvj-mü v Zv `i Rb iæhx _vk e 63. GUv IB RvbœvZ, hvi AwaKvix Kie Avgvi ev `v `i g a ci nhmvi `i K (m~iv gviqvg) jv gi mvwkb hv M G kãwui A_ g ` Avqv Z DËim~wi, g ` mšívb-mš wz Ges jv gi hei hv M Gi A_ nq DËg DËim~wi Ges DËg mšívb-mš wz (ghnvix) gyrvwn` e jb, wkqvg Zi wbkuez x mg q hlb mrkg civqy jvk `i Aw ÍZ _vk e bv, ZLb Giƒc NUbv NU e ZLb bvgv hi cöwz KD åƒ ÿc Ki e bv Ges cökv k cvcvpvi AbywôZ n e bvgvh Amg q A_ev RvgvÕAvZ Qvov cov bvgvh bó Kivi kvwgj Ges eo bvn : Avqv Z Ôbvgvh bó KivÕ e j Avãyjøvn Be b gmd`, blqx, Kv mg, gyrvwn`, Beivnxg, Dgi Be b Avãyj AvRxR (in.) cögyl wewkó Zvdmxiwe `i g Z, mgq P j hviqvi ci bvgvh cov evsv bv n q Q KD KD e jb, mgqmn bvgv hi Av`e I kz mg~ ni g a Kv bvwu Z ÎæwU Kiv bvgvh bó Kivi kvwgj, Avevi KviI KviI g Z, bvgvh bó Kiv e j RvgvÕAvZ Qvov wbr M n bvgvh cov evsv bv n q Q (KziZzex, evn i gynxz) Ljxdv nhiz Dgi (iv.) mkj mikvwi Kg Pvixi Kv Q GB wb ` kbvgv wj L cöiy K iwq jb : Avgvi Kv Q Zvgv `i me Kv Ri g a bvgvh me vwak iæz c~y AZGe h e w³ bvgvh bó K i, m a g i Ab vb wewaweavb Av iv ewk bó Ki e (gyqvëv gv jk) nhiz ûhvqdv (iv.) GK e w³ K `L jb h, m bvgv hi Av`e I ivkb wvkg Zv Av`vq Ki Q bv wzwb Zv K wr Ám Ki jb, Zzwg K e _ K Gfv e bvgvh coq? jvkwu ejj, Pwjøk eqi a i ûhvqdv (iv.) ej jb, Zzwg GKwU bvgvhi c ovwb hw` G ai bi bvgvh c ob Zzwg gviv hvi, Z e g b i Lv gynv ` (mv.)-gi ^fvea g i wecix Z Zvgvi g Zz n e wziwghx Z nhiz Avey gvmd` Avbmvix m~ Î ewy Z nv`x m ivm~ j Kvixg (mv.) e jb, IB e w³i bvgvh nq bv, h bvgv h GKvgZ K i bv A_ vr h e w³ iækz I wmr`vq, iækz _ K `uvwo q A_ev `yb wmr`vi ga j mvrv n q `uvov bv A_ev mvrv n q emv K iæz `q bv, Zvi bvgvh nq bv gvuk_v, h e w³ IRy Z ÎæwU K i A_ev bvgv hi iækz-wmr`vq ZwoNwo K i d j iækzi ci mvrv n q `uvovq bv wksev `yb wmr`vi ga j mvrv n q e m bv m bvgvh K bó K i `q nhiz nvmvb (iv.) bvgvh bókiy I KzcÖe wëi AbymiY m ú K e jb, jv Kiv gmwr`mg~n K DRvo K i w` q Q Ges wkí-evwyr I Kvgbv-evmbvq wjß n q c o Q Bgvg KziZzex Gme iiqv qz D Z K i e jb, AvR Ávbx myaxmgv Ri g a Ggb jvki `Lv hvq, hviv bvgv hi Av`e m ú K D`vmxb n q ïay IVvemv K i GUv wqj lô wnrix kzvãxi Ae v ZLb G ai bi jvk KzÎvwc cviqv hz AvR bvgvhx `i g a GB cwiw wz e vck AvKvi aviy K i Q. Z_v KycÖe wë e j `ywbqvi mme gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 3
AvKl Y K evsv bv n q Q, h jv gvbyl K Avjøvni iy I bvgvh _ K Mvwdj K i `q nhiz Avjx (iv.) e jb, wejvmeûj M n wbg vy, c_pvix `i ` wó AvKl YKvix hvbevn b Av ivnb Ges mvaviy jvk `i _ K ^vzš g~jk cvkvk Avqv Z DwjøwLZ KzcÖe wëi AšÍf y³ (KziZzex) Aviex fvlvq kãwu Gi wecixz cö Z K Kj vyki welq K Ges cö Z K AwbóKi welq K ejv nq nhiz Avãyjøvn Be b gvmd` (iv.) e jb, ÔMvBÕ Rvnvbœv gi GKwU M Z i bvg G Z mgmö Rvnvbœv gi P q AwaK bvbv ikg Avhv ei mgv ek i q Q nhiz Be b AveŸvm (iv.) e jb, ÔMvBÕ Rvnvbœv gi GKwU y nvi bvg RvnvbœvgI Gi _ K AvkÖq cöv_ bv K i Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv hv `i Rb GB nv cö Z K i Qb Zviv n Q, h whbvkvi whbvq Af Í n q c o Q, h g` cvqx g` cv b Af Í n q c o Q, h mỳ Lvi mỳ MÖnY _ K weiz nq bv, hviv wczv-gvzvi Aeva Zv K i, hviv wg_ v mvÿ `q Ges h bvix Ac ii mšívb K Zvi ^vgxi mšív b cwiyz K i `q (KziZzex). e j Ab_ K I Amvi K_vevZ v K, MvwjMvjvR Ges cxov`vqk evk vjvc evsv bv n q Q RvbœvZevmxMY G _ K cvk cweî _vk e Kv bviƒc Kó`vqK K_v Zv `i Kv b aÿwbz n e bv GUv c~e ev K i e wzµg D Ïk GB h, mlv b h K_v kvbv hv e, Zv kvwší, wbivcëv I Avb ` e w Ki e cvwifvwlk mvjvgi Gi AšÍf y³ RvbœvZxMY G K Aci K mvjvg Ki e Ges Avjøvni d ikzvmy Zv `i mevb K mvjvg Ki e (KziZzex) Rvbœv Z m~ h v`q-m~h v Í Ges w`b I ivwîi Aw ÍZ _vk e bv m`vme `v GK cökvi Av jv wekxy gvb _vk e wkš we kl c wz Z w`b-ivwî I mkvj-mü vi cv_ K m~wpz n e GB cökvi mkvj-mü vq RvbœvZxMY Zv `i Rxe bvckiy jvf Ki e G K_v mȳ úó h RvbœvZxMY hlb h e Kvgbv Ki e, ZLbB Kvjwej ^ bv K i Zv ck Kiv n e hgb GK Avqv Z NvlYv Kiv n q Q : GgZve vq gvby li Af vm I ^fv ei wfwë Z mkvj-mü vi K_v we klfv e D jøl Kiv n q Q gvbyl mkvj-mü vq Avnv i Af Í Avieiv e j, h e w³ mkvj-mü vi c~y Avnvh RvMvo Ki Z cv i, m mylx I ^v Q ` kxj nhiz Avbvm Be b gv jk (iv.) GB AvqvZ ZjvIqvZ K i e jb, G _ K evsv hvq h gywgb `i Avnvi w` b `yevi nq mkvj I mü vq Kv bv Zvdmxiwe` e jb, Avqv Z mkvj-mü v e j e vck mgq evsv bv n q Q hgb w`ev-ivwî I c~e -cwðg kã jvi e vck A _ ejv n q _v K Kv RB Avqv Zi D Ïk GB h RvbœvZx `i Lv nk Abyhvqx Zv `i Lv` m`vme `v Dcw Z _vk e (KziZzex) AvZ ïw i gva g mȳ I my `i mgvr wewbg v Y GwM q hv e Avj-Aveivi wbd iƒcmx Kv c U mkj ai bi Kv c U weµq I mieiv ni wbf i hvm cöwzôvb ^Z vwakvix : nvrx mvb`yj Kexi 73/G wbd Gwjd v U ivw, XvKv dvb : 8628834, 9672321 we.`ª. gmwr`-gv`ivmvi ÿ Î we kl my hvm _vk e gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 4
cweî mybœvn _ K D PZi nv`xm M elyv wefvm : gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k KviAvb grx `i ci me vwak cwvz wkzve dvrv q j Avgvj wb q GZ weåvwší Kb-8 dvrv q j Avgv j ewy Z nv`xm jv wb q GK köyxi nv`xm M elk `i (!) Awf hvm n jv, nv`xm jv mnxn bq G jvi Ici Avgj Kiv hv e bv BZ vw` wkš ev ÍeZv Kx? GiB AbymÜv b GwM q Av m gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k, emyüiv XvKvi D PZi nv`xm wefv Mi M elkmy Zuv `i M elyvjä Av jvpbv avivevwnkfv e cökvk Ki Q gvwmk Avj-Aveivi Avkv Kwi, Gi Øviv be M elk `i Awf hvm jvi AmviZv cögvwyz n e gy Lvk D b vwpz n e nv`xmwe Ølx `i nv`x mi ZvLixR I ZvnKx Ki KvRwU Avi Kiv n q Q dvrv q j whwki _ K GLv b dvrv q j whwk i DwjøwLZ nv`xm jvi b ^i wn m e GKwU nv`xm, Gi A_, ZvLixR I ZvnKxK ck Kiv n q Q D³ nv`x mi Aax b nhiz kvqlyj nv`xm (in.) D`~ fvlvq h mkj nv`x mi Abyev` D jøl K i Qb m jvi ÿ Î (K. L. M. Abymv i) evsjv A_ D jølc~e K Aviex Z g~j nv`xmwu, nv`x mi ZvLixR I ZvnKxK ck Kiv n q Q whwk ii GKkZ dvq`v : Aby Q `i nv`xm jv Ò h e w³ Avgv K g b g b iy K i AvwgI Zv K g b g b iy Kwi Ó : ivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) (nv`x m Kz`mx) Bikv` K ib, Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv e jb, Avwg ev `vi mv _ IB iƒc e envi K i _vwk, hiƒc m Avgvi mv _ aviyv iv L m hlb Avgv K iy K i Avwg Zvi mv _B _vwk AZGe m hw` Avgv K AšÍ i iy K i AvwgI Zv K AšÍ i iy Kwi m hw` Kv bv grwj m Avgvi whwki K i Z e Avwg IB grwjm n Z DËg (A_ vr wb úvc d ikzv `i) grwj m Zvi Av jvpbv Kwi Avi ev `v hw` Avgvi w` K GK wenz AMÖmi nq, Avwg Zvi w` K GK nvz AMÖmi nb m hw` GK nvz AMÖmi nq, Avwg Zvi w` K `yb nvz AMÖmi nb m hw` Avgvi w` K nu U Avm Z _v K Avwg Zvi w` K `Š o hvb (eylvix kixd 2/1101 nv. 7405, gymwjg kixd 2/340 nv. 2675, wziwghx kixd 2/201 nv. 3603, mybv b Kzeiv wjb bvmvc 4/412 nv. 7730, gymbv ` Avng` 2/251 nv. 7440) nv`x mi DwjøwLZ BeviZ gymwjg kix di nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn nv`x m Av Q, cöwzwu wrwb mi g a mb wrwbm wn m e gwipv I gqjv R b whwki Zv cwi vi K i `q (ïõaveyj Cgvb evqnvkx 1/396 nv. 522, Kvbhyj D vj 1/418 nv. 1777) nv`xmwui gvb : nvmvb ev `v h mg Í whwki-avhkvi K i Zv Avi ki PZzw` K ev `vi whwki K i Nyi Z _v K : : " (gymbv ` Avng` 2/268 nv. 18362, Be b gvrvn nv. 3807, gymvbœv d Be b Avex kvqev 10/387 nv. 30028, gymzv`iv K nv Kg 1/500 nv. 1841) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn nv`x m Av Q, h grwj m Avjøvni whwki nq bv, Kqvg Zi w`b Zv Avd mvm I jvkmv bi KviY n e :" gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 5
: : " (gymbv ` Avng` 15/475 nv. 9764, Avj gyrvgyj AvImvZ 4/287 nv. 3744, ïõaveyj Cgvb [evqnvkx] 1/401 nv. 533, gvrgvdh hviqv q` 10/80) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn nv`x m Av Q, h e w³ : G `yõav h Kv bv w`b GKkZ evi c o, Zvi Rb 10wU Mvjvg AvRv` Kivi mviqve jlv nq, GKkZ bkx jl nq, GKkZ bvn gvd K i `Iqv nq Ges mü v ch ší m kqzvb n Z ndvr Z _v K h e w³ GB Avgj Zvi P q ewk K i m Qvov Ab Kv bv e w³ Zvi P q DËg e j MY nq bv : : " (eylvix 1/465 nv. 3293, gymwjg 2/344 nv. 2671, wziwghx 2/185 nv. 3468, Be b gvrvn 2/269 nv. 3798) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn eû nv`x m Giƒc `yõav ewy Z n q Q hgbñ wzwb `yõav Ki Zb, n Avjøvn! Avgvi Mvk Z, nv o gvsm cwk Z, ck g, P g, Kv b, Pv L, Dc i, wb P, Wv b, ev g, m y L, cq b b~i Øviv cwic~y K i `vi GgbwK GB `yõavi Ki Zb, n Avjøvn! Avgvi gv_v n Z cv ch ší b~i evwb q `vi... : : (eylvix 2/934 nv. 6316, gymwjg 1/261 nv. 763, gymv ` Avng` 1/373, gyrvgyj Kvexi [Zveivbx] 10/335 nv. 1648, gymzv`iv K nv Kg 3/617 nv. 6286, gymbv ` Avex AvIqvbv 2/47 nv. 2272) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn nv`x m Av Q, Avwg ev `vi mv vwk hzÿy m Avgvi whwki Ki Z _v K : " : " (gymbv ` Avng` 2/540 nv. 10982, ïõaveyj Cgvb [evqnvkx] 1/391 nv. 509, Be b gvrvn nv. 3792, eylvix 9/153, gymzv`iv K nv Kg 1/496 nv. 1824, mnx n Be b wneÿvb 3/98 nv. 815) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn GK nv`x m Av Q, nhiz g~mv (Av.) Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi wbku AviR Ki jb, Avcwb Avgvi Ici A bk Gnmvb K i Qb myzivs Avgv K Ggb ZixKv e j w`b, hv Z Avcbvi ewk ewk kvki Av`vq Ki Z cvwi Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Bikv` Ki jb, Zzwg hz ewk Avgvi whwki Ki e, ZZ ewk Avgvi kvki Av`vq n e : :" " (ïõaveyj Cgvb 1/458 nv. 711) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 6
Av ik nv`x m Av Q, nhiz g~mv (Av.) AviR Ki jb, n Avjøvn! Avcbvi kvb gvzv ek kvki wkfv e Av`vq n e? Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv ej jb, Zvgvi Revb hb me `v whwk ii Øviv ZiZvRv _v K, : : " :, (gymvbœv d Be b Avex kvqev 7/73 nv. 34288, ïõaveyj Cgvb [evqnvkx] 1/450 nv. 679, Avhhyn` Iqvi ivkv qk 1/330 nv. 942) nv`xmwui gvb : nvmvb nv`xm kix d G m Q, Mwie mvnvev q Kivg (ivwh.) GKevi ûryi mvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøv gi L`g Z AviR Ki jb, Bqv ivm~jvjøvn! abx jv Kiv eo eo gz ev nvwmj K i bq; Zviv Avgv `i g ZvB bvgvh- ivhv Av`vq K i A_P m ú `i Kvi Y Zviv nr, Igivn I wrnv `i gva g Avgv `i P q Av M e o hvq ivm~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` Ki jb, Avwg wk Zvgv `i K Ggb wrwbm e j `e, hvi d j Kv bv e w³ Zvgv `i gz evq cušqvb Z cvi e bv Aek Ab KD hw` GB AvgjB K i Z e m cušqvb Z cvi e AZtci ivm~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Zv `i K cö Z K bvgv hi ci 33 evi myenvbvjøvn, Avj-nvg`ywjjøvn, Avjøvû AvKevi co Z ej jb : : : : : : (eylvix 1/253 nv. 843, gymwjg 5/95 nv. 1347, gymbv ` Avng` 5/67 nv. 21529) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn nhiz dv Zgv (iv.) AvUv wcmv I N ii Ab vb KvRK g K ói Kvi Y ivm~j mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøv gi wbku hlb GKRb Lv `g P qwq jb, ZLb wzwb Zuv K kvevi mgq 33 evi myenvbvjøvn, 33 evi Avj-nvg`ywjjøvn I 34 evi Avjøvû AvKevi co Z wb ` k w`qvwq jb AZtci e jwq jb, GwU Lv `g n Z DËg. : : (eylvix 1/439 nv. 3113, gymwjg 2/351 nv. 2727) nv`xwui gvb : mnxn GK nv`x m ivm~j (mvjøvjøvû AvvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg)-Gi Bikv` ey bv Kiv n q Q h, gydwi` jv Kiv Av M e o wmqv Q mvnvev q Kivg (iv.) AviR Ki jb, Bqv ivm~jvjøvn! gydwi` jvk Kviv? ivm~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` Ki jb, hviv whwk ii Rb cövycy Póv K i whwki Zv `i hvezxq evsv K nvjkv K i `q : : : : gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 7
(wziwghx 5/539 nv. 3596, ïõaveyj Cgvb 1/390 nv. 506, mnxn gymwjg 4/2062 nv. 2676, gymbv ` Avng` 2/223 nv. 8310) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn nv`xm kix d Av Q, ev `v hlb jv Bjvnv Bjøvjøvû Avjøvû AvKevi e j ZLb Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv e jb, Avgvi ev `v mz e j Q, Avwg Qvov Kv bv gveỳ bb Avi Avwg me P q eo : : " : : : : : : : : : : : ": : (wziwghx 2/181 nv. 3430, Be b gvrvn 2/269 nv. 3794, Avgvjyj BqvIwg Iqvj jvbjv [bvmvc] 122 nv. 350) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn nv`xm kix d Av Q, GK cvnvo Ab cvnvo K W K e j, AvR Zvgvi Ici w` q Kv bv whwkikvix c_ AwZµg K i Q wk? hw` m e j, AwZµg K i Q Z e D³ cvnvo Avbw `Z nq " : : : (ïõaveyj Cgvb 1/453 nv. 691, gyõrv g Kvexi [Zveivbx] 9/103 nv. 8542, AvRgv wj AvwekkvqL 5/1717, wnjqvzzj AvIwjqv 4/242) nv`xmwu MÖnY hvm nhiz KvÕe Avnevi (iv.) e jb, h e w³ ewk ewk whwki K i m gybv dkx n Z gy³ : : (Avj gyrvgyj AvImvZ 7/124 nv. 6931, Avj gyrvgym mvmxi 2/77 nv. 949, ïõaveyj Cgvb 1/415 nv. 576) nv`xmwui gvb : nvmvb ivm~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K i Qb, Rwg bi LeivLei Zvgiv Rv bv wk? mvnvev q Kivg (iv.) ej jb, Avgv `i Rvbv bb ivm~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ib, h Kv bv cyiæl I gwnjv Rwg bi h As k h KvR K i Q Rwgb e j ` e h AgyK ew³ AgyK w`b Avgvi Ici GB KvR K i Q (fv jv ndk ev g ` ndk) G Rb B wewfbœ RvqMvq ewk ewk whwkikvix `i mvÿ `vbkvixi ewk n e : : : : " : : : " (wziwghx 2/173 nv. 2429, Avm mybvbyj Kzeiv [bvmvc] 10/342 nv. 11629, gymbv ` Avng` 2/374 nv. 8889, kiûm mybœvn 5/116 nv. 4307, mnx n Be b wneÿvb 16/360 nv. 7360, gymzv`iv K nv Kg 2/256 nv. 3022, ïõaveyj Cgvb 5/464 nv. 7298) nv`xmwui gvb : mnxn [nv Kg] (Pj e BbkvAvjøvn) gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 8
`i m wdk n nr I Dgiv n Ri g Zv iæz c~y Bev`Z Kv iv ZvIdxK n j Zv AZ ší mšfv M i e vcvi Z e n Ri gvmvbj I wbqgbxwz m ú K mvaviy jvk Zv e UB, GgbwK A bk Rvbv kvbv jvki weåvwšíi wkkvi nb m Kvi Y n Ri c~ e Ge s n R _vkvkvjxb n Ri wewaweavb m ú K m K ÁvZ _vkv Avek K mvavi Yi c ÿ nrmsµvší wbf i hvm wkzve wbe vpb Kiv gykwkj KviY evrv i wbf i hvm A bk eb hgb cviqv hvq, Zgwb nr m ú K Awbf i hvm eb qii Afve bb eÿgvb cöe Ü wbf i hvm nv`xm I wdkn MÖ š i Av jv K n Ri drxjz I cö qvrbxq wewaweavb jv mwe Ív i Dc vcb Kiv n jv n Ri diwrq vz : Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Bikv` K ibñ Avi G N ii nr Kiv n jv gvby li Ici Avjøvni cövc, h jv Ki mvg_ i q Q G ch ší cušqvi Avi h jvk Zv gv b bv Avjøvn mviv we k i Kv bv wkqzib c ivqv K ib bv (Av j Bgivb 97) ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Bikv` K ibñ Zvrch, drxjz I cö qvrbxq gvmv qj h e w³ Avjøvni Rb nr Av`vq K i Ges mlv b hvezxq g ` KvR I K_v _ K weiz _v K m m` f wgô mšív bi g Zv bvngy³ n q wdi e (eylvix 1424) n Ri A_ : AvwfavwbK A_ : g v kix di B Qv Kiv (AvZZvÕixdvZ) kiqx A_ : wbw` ó mg q wbw` ó c wz Z wbw` ó v bi whqviz Kiv (AvZZvÕixdvZ 1/26) nr dir niqvi e vcv i cy iv D Z GKgZ G e vcv i Kv iv wøgz bb n Ri kz mg~n : 1 nr dir niqvi kz mg~n : wb œvwjøwlz kz mg~n cviqv M j cö Z K bi- bvixi Ici Rxe b GKevi nr dir nq (eylvix 1424, gymwjg 2380) 1 gymjgvb niqv Agymwj gi Ici nr dir bq (eylvix 356) 2 ev jm niqv bvev j Mi Ici nr dir bq (eylvix 16/315 evqnvkx 10133) 3 AvKjIqvjv Z_v evam úbœ niqv wb e va cvm ji Ici nr dir bq (eylvix 16/315) 4 Avhv` niqv, Mvjv gi Ici nr dir bq (Av j Bgivb 97, evqnvkx 10133) 5 mvg_ evb niqv gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 9 gydzx kv n` ingvbx mvg_ evb niqvi A_ n jv, wb Ri Abycw wz Z cwiev ii hvezxq e q wbe v ni e e v Ges hvzvqvz I cv _q-gi gvwjk niqv (wziwghx 741) hw` wbr Li P hviqvi g Zv gvnivg bv _v K Z e bvix `i ÿ Î wb Ri Ges GKRb gvniv gi n R hviqv-avmv I _vkv-lviqvi hvezxq LiP en b mvg_ evb n Z n e 6 n Ri mg qi AvMgb 2 nr Av`vq IqvwRe niqvi kz mg~n : Kv bv e w³i Ici nr dir niqvi ci wb R nr Av`vq Kiv IqvwRe niqvi Rb h mkj kz i q Q Zv D jøl Kiv n jv G mkj kz cviqv bv M j wb R nr Kiv IqvwRe n e bv eis Ab Kv bv e w³ Øviv ZrÿYvr e`wj nr Kiv Z n e A_ev e`wj nr Kiv bvi Rb AwmqZ Ki Z n e 1 kvixwikfv e nr Ki Z mÿg niqv (evqnvkx 8922) 2 n R Mg b cöwzeükzv bv _vkv hgb K qw` ev eva e w³ (evqnvkx 8922) 3 iv Ívi wbivcëv _vkv (mybv b Kzeiv 8922) 4 bvix hyezx nvk ev e v Zvi mv _ ^vgx ev Ab Kv bv gvnivg _vkv (eylvix 1024, `viv KzZbx 2467)
5 gwnjv ZvjvK ev ^vgxi g Zz i Kvi Y BÏZ Ae vq bv niqv (m~iv q ZvjvK 1) 3 nr mnxn niqvi kz mg~n : wb œvwjøwlz kz mg~n cviqv bv M j nr Av`vq mnxn n e bv 1 Bnivg Z_v n Ri wbq vz Kiv myzivs Bnivg euvav Qvov nr Av`vq mnxn n e bv (eylvix 1) Bniv gi wbqg n jv, gxkvz _ K Zvjweqv covi gva g n Ri wbq vz Kiv cyiæliv Bniv gi mgq mjvb Kiv Kvco Ly j mjvbwenxb Kvco cwiavb Ki e (eylvix 1707) bvixiv ^vfvwek Kvco ci e Z e bkve ev Ab Kv bv Kvco Pnvivi mv _ j M _vk Z cvi e bv Zvjweqv Gfv e co e : (eylvix 1448) 2 mgq myzivs n Ri wbw` ó mg qi Av M ev c i nr Av`vq mnxn n e bv (evkviv 197) gvmavjv : n Ri gvm n jv 1 kviqvj, 2 whjk` I 3 whjn Ri cö_g `k w`b myzivs G mg qi Av M n Ri ZvIqvd ev mvc Ki j mnxn n e bv n Ri gv mi Av M Bnivg euvav gvkiƒn (eylvix 5/461) 3 wbw` ó vb A_ vr Avivdvi gq`v b Ae vb Kiv, ZvIqv d whqviz evqzzjøvn kix d Kiv, igx gxbv Z Kiv Ges cï Kyievbx nvivg kix d Kiv hw` mgqg Zv Avivdvq Ae vb bv Kiv nq Z e nr mnxn n e bv (bvmvc 2966, m~iv q nr 29) Bnivg euvavi gxkvz : n R e v D g i v c v j b v Ï k iibvkvixm Yi Rb Bnivg euvav Qvov h mkj wba vwiz vb AwZµg Kiv bvrv qh m vbmg~n K gxkvz ejv nq (AvDbyj gve~` 4/139) w`k wfbœzvi Kvi Y gxkvzi wfbœ wfbœ hgbñ fviz, evsjv `k, c v w K Í v b i g x K v Z n j v ÔBqvjvgjvgÕ wgmi, wmwiqv Ges cwðgv `i gxkvz n jv ÔRyndvÕ BivK BZ vw` ` ki gxkvz n jv Ôhv Z BiKÕ g`xbv kix di w`k _ K AvMš K `i Rb Ôhyj ûjvbdvõ Ges br`evmxi gxkvz n jv ÔKibÕ myzivs h hw`k _ K Avm e gxkv Zi Av M Bnivg eu a Zvici gxkvz AwZµg Ki Z n e Bnivg Qvov gxkvz AwZµg Kiv Rv qh bb g vevmx ev û`~ ` Ae vbkvix `i n Ri gxkvz g v Avi Dgivi gxkvz ÔwnjÕ h mkj jvk ÔwnjÕ (gxkvz Ges û`~ ` ni gi ga ez x vb)-g Ae vb Ki Q Zviv û`~ ` cö e ki c~ e Bnivg euva e (eylvix 1427) n Ri dirmg~n : n Ri dir wzbwu 1 Bnivg euvav (mybv b Kzeiv 9190) 2 whjnr gv mi 9 (beg) ZvwiL m~h njvi ci _ K C`yj Avhnvi w`b mye n mvw`k ch šíi h Kv bv mgq Avivdvi gq`v b Ae vb Kiv GB mg qi g a AwZ Aí mgqi Avivdvi gq`v b Ae vb Ki j dir Av`vq n q hv e (wziwghx 814) 3 Avivdvq Ae v bi ci Kvev kix d mvz P i jvmv bv hv K ZvIqv d whqviz ev ZvIqv d Gdvhv ejv nq n Ri IqvwRemg~n : 1 mvgvb mg qi Rb n ji gyh`vjvdvq Ae vb Kiv Gi mgq n jv whjn Ri `k ZvwiL mye n mvw`k _ K m~ h v`q ch ší (m~iv q evkviv 198, wziwghx 815) 2 mvdv g viiqvq mvz P i jvmv bv hv K mvc ejv nq P i jvmv bv Avi n e mvdv _ K Avi kl n e gviiqvq (`vivkzzbx 2615, gymwjg 2137) 3 h_v mg q igx Kiv (kqzvb K cv_i gviv) (gymwjg 2286) 4 ZvgvËz I Kivb nrkvixmy ` g kvki Z_v n Ri Kzievbx Kiv 5 nviv g Kzievbxi w`bmg~ n gv_v gyðv bv ev Pzj QvU Kiv (gymwjg 2298, eylvix 1613) 6 g vevmx e ZxZ Ab iv ZvIqv d m`i Z_v ZvIqv d Ôwe`vÕ Kiv (gymwjg 2350) D jøl, GB QqwU n jv n Ri IqvwRe n Ri Avgjmg~ n Av iv wkqz IqvwRe i q Q Zvi g a K qkwu wb œiƒc 1 12 whjnr m~h v Íi c~ e ZvIqv d whqvivz (dir ZvIqvd) m úbœ Kiv (gymwjg 2307, mybv b Kzeiv 9928) 2 m~h njvi ci _ K m~h v Í ch ší Avivdvq Ae vb Kiv (gymwjg) 3 ZvIqvd Ae vq (nv` m AvKevi I AvmMvi Z_v IRy ev Mvmj dir nq Ggb Ae v _ K) cweî I cwi Q bœ _vkv (bvmvqx 2873, gymwjg 2173) 4 cö Z K ZvIqv di ci `yb ivkõavz bvgvh Av`vq Kiv (eylvix 1511) 5 Kivb I ZvgvËz nrkvix ZviZxe ervq i L wzbwu KvR Kiv (K) igx (L) Kzievbx Ges (M) njk (mnxn gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 10
gymwjg 198, Dg`vZzj Kvix 10/58) 6 mzi XvKv (eylvix) 7 ZvIqv di m~pbv nr i AvmIqv` _ K Kiv (`vivkzzbx 2/289, gymwjg 8/174, gvivwkj dvjvn 729) n Ri mybœvzmg~n : 1 Bnivg euvavi mgq Mvmj ev IRy Ki v Ges kix i Lvkey gvlv (wziwghx 760, gymwjg 8/101) 2 bzzb ev cwi vi Pv`i civ mv`v niqv DËg (gymvbv ` Avng` 4899, wziwghx 915,2723) 3 Bnivg euvavi c~ e `yb ivkõavz bvgvh Av`vq Kiv (gymwjg 2031) 4 ewk ewk Zvjweqv cov (gymwjg 2246) 5 g vevmx e ZxZ Ab iv n R Bdiv` ev wkivb Kiv Kvjxb ZvIqv d Kz`yg Kiv (gymwjg 2139) 6 g vq _vkvkvjxb ewk ewk ZvIqvd Kiv (wziwghx 794) 7 ÔBhwZevÕ Kiv A_ vr ZvIqvd Avi Kivi Av M Pv` ii GKw`K K wb Ri Wvb evûi wb P ivlv Ges Aci w`k K evg Kuv ai Ici cuwp q `Iqv (wziwghx 787) 8 ZvIqv di mgq ÔigjÕ Kiv ig ji c wz n jv ZvIqv di cö_g wzb P ii mgq NbNb K`g djv Ges Dfq Kuva njv Z njv Z Pjv (eylvix 1501) (D jøl, ÔigjÕ I ÔBRwZevÕ IB ZIqv d mybœvz h ZvIqv di c i mvc Kiv nq) 9 mvc Kivi mgq Dfq gxjvb b AvLhvivB bi (meyr evwz) ga Lv b Rv i nuvuv (cyiæl `i Rb ) (gymwjg 2137) 10 ZvIqv di cö Z K P i nvr i AvmIqv ` Pzgy `Iqv (Pzgy `Iqv m e bv n j nvr i AvmIqv `i w` K nvz DuwP q Bkviv K i nv Z Pzgy `Iqv) (Avey `vd` 1600, eylvix 1506, 1507) 11 Kzievbxi w`bmg~ n gxbv Z ivz hvcb Kiv (Avey `vd` 1683) Bnivg Ae vq wbwl welqmg~n : wb œv³ welqmg~n gynwi gi Rb bvrv qh G mkj KvR _ K gynwig `i eu P _vkv AZ vek K, hv Z nr bó ev ÎæwUc~Y bv nq 1 Bnivg Ae vq x mnevm ev Giƒc Kv R AvK ókvix Kv bv KvR bv Kiv (m~iv evkviv 198, iƒûj gvavbx 2/164) 2 Kv bv cökvi nvivg KvR bv Kiv (MÖv ³) 3 Mvj-g ` I SMov _ K weiz _vkv (MÖv ³) 4 Lvkey e envi bv Kiv hgb AvZi, Mvjvc, Rvdivb BZ vw` (eylvix 1707, 1708, gymwjg 2018) 5 cyiæliv mjvbk Z e bv civ hgbñ KvZ v, cvqrvgv, cvävwe, RyeŸv, gvrv BZ vw` miƒc gv_v ev gyl X K ivlvi Kvco Pvco (cöv ³) 6 bl, gv_vi Pzj, `vwo Ges bvwfi wb Pi Kk BZ vw` KZ b bv Kiv (evkviv 196, AvjwdKûj Bmjvgx 3/603) 7 Pzj ev ( Kk Ges) kix ii Kv bv A ½ NªvYhy³ Zj bv jvmv bv (eylvix 4918, ev`v q 5/130) 8 û`y ` nviv g MvQ ev Nvm BZ vw` KZ b bv Kiv û`y ` nviv g GB KvR me ve vq nvivg (eylvix 1484) 9 ji Kv bv eb cövyx wkkvi bv Kiv D³ cövyx LvIqv Rv qh nvk ev bvrv qh (evkviv 197, gv q`v 96, wziwghx 775, eylvix 1707 BZ vw`) Dgiv : nr Av`vq IqvwRe niqvi kz mg~n hvi gv S cviqv hv e Zvi Rb cy iv Rxe b GKevi Dgiv Kiv mybœv Z gyav v`v (gymbv ` Avng` 1443) cy iv eqib Dgiv Kiv hvq Z e Avivdvi w`b, Kzievbxi w`b Ges Zvkix Ki w`bmg~ n Dgivi Bnivg euvav gvkiƒn (gymvbœv d Be b Avex kvqev 3/485) Dgivi KvR n jv PviwU : `ywu dir, `ywu IqvwRe Dgivi dir `ywu : 1 Bnivg euvav (eylvix 1) 2 ZvIqvd Kiv (eylvix 1466) Dgivi IqvwRe `ywu : 1 mvdv g viiqvi mvc Ki v (cöv ³) 2 gv_v gyðv bv ev Pzj KZ b K i QvU Kiv (eylvix 1613) Dgiv Av`v qi c wz : g vi bvmwik ev Ae vbiz jvk wnj (nviv gi mxgvbvi evb i gxkv Zi fz ii vb) _ K Avi g vi evb i _ K AvMš K e w³ gxkvz _ K Dgivi wbq v Z Bnivg eu a evqzyjøvn kix di ZvIqvd, mvdv-gviiqv mvc Ki e Ges gv_v gyðv e ev QvU Ki e (eylvix 1459, gymwjg 2030) nr Av`v qi mwvk c wz : nr wzb cökviñzvgvëy, wkivb I Bdiv` GLv b cö_ g n R ZvgvËzi Av jvpbv Gici evwk `yb cökv ii Av jvpbv Kiv n e n R ZvgvËy n Ri gvmmg~ n (kviqvj, wrjk`, whjnr) Dgivi wbq v Z Bnivg K i, Dgiv cvjb K i nvjvj niqvi ci n Ri wbq vz K i bzzb Gniv g nr cvjb Kiv K n R ZvgvËy e j gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 11
1. Dgivi Bnivg (dir) cö_ gb R b wbb Avcbvi MšÍe XvKv _ K g v kixd? bvwk g`xbv kixd? hw` g`xbv kixd nq, Zvn j GLb Bnivg euvav bq; hlb g`xbv kixd _ K g v kixd hv eb, ZLb Bnivg euva Z n e ewki fvm nrhvîx Av M g vq hvb G ÿ Î XvKv _ K wegv b IVvi Av M Bnivg euvav fv jv KviY, RÏv cušqvi Av MB ÔBqvjvgjvgÕ gxkvz ev Bnivg euvavi wbw` ó vbwu c o wegv b hw`i Bnivg euvavi K_v ejv nq, wkš IB mgq A b K Nywg q _v Kb; Avi wegv b cvkvk cwiez b KivUvI ` wókuz g b ivl eb, Bniv gi Kvco cwiavb Ki jb Bnivg euvav n q hvq bv hzÿy ch ší wbq vz K i ÔZvjweqvÕ Z_v ÒjveŸvBK...Ó cov bv nq ZvB Bniv gi Kvco cwiav bi ci mzk Zvg~jK wegvb Qvovi ci wbq vz K i Zvjweqv Avi Kiv fv jv webv Bniv g gxkvz cvi n j G Rb `g w` Z n e Z`ycwi bvn n e cwi vi-cwi QbœZv m i Mvmj ev IRy K i wbb gxkvz AwZµ gi Av MB mjvbwenxb GKwU mv`v Kvco cwiavb Kiæb, Av ikwu Mv q Rwo q wb q Bniv gi wbq v Z `yb ivkõavz bvgvh c o wbb ïay Dgivi wbq vz K i GK ev wzbevi Zvjweqv c o wbb Bniv gi wbq v Zi mgq ejyb : Gci ci Zvjweqv Gfv e co b : XvKv wegvbe `i DÇq bi mwvk mgq Abyhvqx wegvbe ` i cušqvb Avcbvi bvg-wvkvbv jlv e vm ev my U K m Kv bv cpbkxj Lvevi ivl eb bv wegvbe ` i jv M R h gvj ` eb, Zv wvkg Zv euvav n q Q wk bv, ` L b eb evsjv `k mikv ii `Iqv cwipqcî, wcjwmög cvm, wegv bi wuwku, wukv `Iqvi KvW, Ab KvMRcÎ, UvKv, wegv b covi Rb ag xq eb BZ vw` Mjvq Svjv bvi e v M mh Zœ ivlyb mgqg Zv wegv b D V wba vwiz Avm b emyb RÏv wegvbe `i : gvqvwjø gi Mvwo Avcbv K RÏv _ K g vq h evwo Z _vk eb, mlv b bvwg q ` e gvqvwjø gi b ^i (Aviex Z jlv) KewR eë `Iqv n e, Zv nv Z c i b eb cvkvcvwk evsjv `k mikv ii `Iqv cwipqcî (hv Z wcjwmög cvm b ^i, bvg, Uªv fj G R Ui bvg BZ vw` _vk e) Mjvq Svjv eb hvbevn bi IVvbvgvi mgq I Pjvi c _ ewk ewk Zvjweqv coyb g vq cuš Q : g vq cuš Q Avcbvi _vkvi RvqMvq gvjcî i L K vší n j wekövg Kiæb Avi hw` bvgv hi Iqv³ nq, bvgvh Av`vq Kiæb wekövg k l Dgivi wbq vz K i _vk j Dgiv cvjb Kiæb gmwr`yj nviv g (KvÕev ki xd) A bk jv cö ekc_ Av Q; mekwu `L Z GKB ikg wkš cöwzwu cö ekc _ Aviex I Bs iwr Z 1, 2, 3 b ^i I cö ekc _i bvg Av Q, h gbñev`kv Ave `yj Avw R R cö ekc_ Avcwb Av M _ K wvk Ki eb, Kvb cö ekc_ w` q XyK eb ev ei n eb Avcbvi mdim½x KI vb wpwb q w`b wzwb hw` nvwi q hvb, Zvn j wbw` ó b ^ ii M Ui mvg b _vk eb G Z fz i wf o nvwi q M ji wbw` ó v b G m m½x K Lyu R cv eb KvÕev kix d m v Ûj ivlvi ÿ Î Lye mzk _vk eb, wbw` ó vb Z_v RyZv ivlvi RvqMvq ivlyb GLv b- mlv b RyZv ivl j c i Avi Luy R cv eb bv cöwzwu RyZv ivlvi i v KI b ^i `Iqv Av Q GB b ^i iy ivlyb Dgivi wbqgkvbyb Av M R b b eb, hgbñmvz P i ZvIqvd Kiv, RgR gi cvwb cvb Kiv, bvgvh Av`vq Kiv, mvc Kiv (mvdv-gviiqv cvnv o `Šov bv-hw`i gm Y c_, kxzvzc wbqwš Z) gv_v gyðv bv A_ev P z j Q v U K i v Ñ G m e K v R avivevwnkfv e Kiv Iqv³xqv bvgv hi mgq n q M j IB mgq bvgvh c o Avevi evwkuyky kl Kiv KvÕev kixd : nvivg kix d cö ek Kivi mgq GB `yõav covñ co eb gmwr`yj nviv g cyiæl Kv bv bvixi cv k A_ev Zuvi mivmwi cq b `uvwo q bvgvh Av`vq Ki eb bv Kv bv `irvi mvg b bvgvh cov wvk bq, G Z c_pvixi Kó nq nvr i AvmIqv ` Pygy `Iqv mybœvz gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 12
Z e wf oi Kvi Y bv cvi j `~i _ K Pygyi Bkviv Ki jb Pj e wf o Ab K Kó `Iqv hv e bv 2. Dgivi ZvIqvd (dir) IRyi m ½ ÔBRwZevÕmn ZvIqvd Kiæb Bniv gi Pv`i K Wvb em ji wb Pi w`k _ K cuwp q G b euv Kuv ai Ici ivlv K ÔBRwZevÕ e j nvr i AvmIqv` K mvg b i L Zvi eivei Wvb cv k `uvovb (2006 mvj _ K g S Z mv`v gv e j cv_i Avi Wvb cv k meyr evwz) Zvici `uvwo q ZvIqv di wbq vz Kiæb Zvici W v b wm q Ggb fv e `u vov eb, hb nvr i AvmIqv` cy ivcywi Avcbvi mvg b _v K Gici `yb nvz Kuva ch ší Zy j coyb c i nvz Q o w`b Ges nvr i AvmIqv `i w` K nvz w` q Bkviv K i nv Zi Zvjy Z Pygy L q Wvb w` K Pj Z _vkyb, hv Z cweî KvÕevNi c~y euv q _v K cyiæ li Rb cö_g wzb P i ÔigjÕ Kiv mybœvz ÔigjÕ A_ ex ii g Zv eyk dywj q Kuva `ywj q Nb Nb K`g d j `ªæZMwZ Z GwM q Pjv iæk b Bqvgvwb K m e n j ïay nv Z úk Kiæb iæk b Bqvgvwb Z G j GB `yõav cvv Kiæb Z e Pzgy LvIqv _ K weiz _vkzb AZtci nvr i AvmIqv` ch ší G m P i cy iv Kiæb cybivq nvr i AvmIqv` eivei `uvwo q nvz w` q Bkviv K i nv Zi Zvjy Z Pygy L q wøzxq P i ïiæ Kiæb Gfv e mvz P i ZvIqvd kl Kiæb nv Z mvz `vbvi Zvmexn A_ev MYbvhš ivl Z cv ib Zvn j mvz P i fyj n e bv 3. ZvIqv di `yb ivkõavz bvgvh (IqvwRe) gvkv g Beivnx gi cq b ev nviv gi h Kv bv v b ZvIqv di wbq v Z (gvkiƒn mgq Qvov) `yb ivkõavz bvgvh c o `yõav Kiæb g b ivl eb, GUv `yõav Key ji mgq 4. Dgivi mvc (IqvwRe) mvdv cvnv oi wkqyuv Ic i D V (GLb Avi cvnvo bb, g S Z gv e j cv_i, kxzvzc wbqwš Z) KvÕev kix di w` K gyl K i mvc-gi wbq vz K i, `yõavi g Zv K i nvz Zy j wzbevi ZvKwei e j `yõav Kiæb Zvici gviiqvi w` K iibv n q `yb meyr `v Mi g a (GUv mb RvqMv, hlv b nriz nv Riv (iv.) cvwbi Rb `Š owq jb) GKUy `ªæZ c_ P j gviiqvq cušq j GK P i c~y n jv gviiqv cvnv o D V KvÕev kix di w` K gyl K i `yõavi g Zv K i nvz Zy j ZvKexi coyb Ges Av Mi g Zv P j mlvb _ K mvdvq cušq j wøzxq P i c~y n jv Gfv e mßg P i gviiqvq wm q mvc kl K i `yõav Kiæb mvc k l `yb ivkõavz bdj bvgvh co b (gȳ Ívnve) 5. njk Kiv (IqvwRe) cyiæl n j ivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg)-Gi Av` k i Abymi Y m ú~y gv_v gyðb Ki eb Z e gv_vi Pyj QuvU ZI cv ib gwnjv n j gv_vi Pyj GK Bw cwigvy KvU eb G ch ší Dgivi KvR kl n Ri Bnivg bv euvav ch ší Bniv gi Av Mi g Zv m e K vr Ki Z cvi eb 6. n Ri Bnivg (dir) nvivg kixd ev evmv _ K Av Mi wbq g ïay n Ri wbq Z Bnivg eu a 8 whjnr Rvn ii Av MB gxbvq cuš Q hv eb (hw` m e nq) wbq vz Kivi mgq ej ebñ 7. gxbvq Ae vb (mybœvz) 8 whjnr Rvni _ K 9 wrjnr drimn gvu cuvp Iqv³ bvgvh gxbvq Av`vq Kiæb Ges G mg q gxbvq Ae vb Kiæb 8. Avivdvi gq`v b Ae vb (dir) Avivdvi gq`v b Ae vb n Ri Ab Zg dir 9 whjnr `ycy ii ci _ K m~h v Í ch ší Avivdvi gq`v b Ae vb Kiæb Gw`b wbr Zuvey Z Rvni I Avm i i b vg v h ^ ^ m g q Avjv`vfv e Av`vq Kiæb gywkg n j Pvi ivkõavz c~y coyb gmwr ` bvwgivq Dfq bvgvh RvgvÕAv Z co j GKm ½ Av`vq Ki Z cv ib, hw` Bgvg gymvwdi nb Avi gmwr ` bvwgiv hw` Avcbvi Zuvey _ K `~ i _v K, Zvn j wbr v b Ae vb Ki eb gvmwi ei bvgvh bv c o gyh`vwjdvi w` K iibv nvb 9. gyh`vwjdvq Ae vb (IqvwRe) ivwî hvcb (mybœvz) Avivdvq m~h v Íi ci gyh`vwjdvq wm q Gkvi mg q gvmwie I Gkv GK AvRvb I GK BKvg Z GKm ½ Av`vq Kiæb (IqvwRe) gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 13
GLv bb ivz hvcb Kiæb (GwU mybœvz) Ges 10 whjnr dr ii ci m ~ h v ` qi Av M w K Q y m gq gyh`vwjdvq Aek B Ae vb Kiæb (GwU IqvwRe) Z e `ye j (AcviM) I bvix `i ejvq GUv Acwinvh bq iv Z QvU QvU Qvjvi `vbvi g Zv 70wU K¼i msmön Kiæb gyh`vwjdvq K¼i Lye mn RB c q hv eb 10. K¼i gviv (cö_g w`b) 10 whjnr mye n mvw`k _ K 11 whjnr mye n mvw` Ki c~e ch ší ïay eo Rvgviv K (eo kqzvb) mvzwu K¼i wb ÿc Kiæb (IqvwRe) hw` GB mg qi g a K¼i gviv bv nq Z e `g w` Z n e 11. Kzievbx Kiv (IqvwRe) 10 whjnr K¼i gvivi cib Kej ` g kvki ev ` g ZvgvËz hv K n Ri Kzievbx ejv nq wbwðz cš vq Av`vq Kiæb Kzievbxi c ib Kej ivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg)-gi Av` k i Abymi Y gv_v njk Kiæb (IqvwRe) Z e Pyj QvUI Ki Z cv ib Lqvj ivl eb : K¼i gviv, Kzievbx Kiv I Pyj KvUvi g a avivevwnkzv Riæwi 12. ZvIqv d whqviz (dir) 12 whjnr m~h v Íi Av MB ZvIqv d whqviz K i wb Z n e Zv bv n j 12 whjn Ri c i ZvIqvdwU K i `g w` Z n e Z e bvixiv cövk wzk Kvi Y Ki Z bv cvi j cweî niqvi c i Ki eb G Z `g w` Z n e bv D jøl, ZvIqv d whqvi Zi mv _ mvc KivI IqvwRe Z e Avivdvi c~ e Kv bv bdj ZvIqv di mv _ mvc K i _vk j ZvIqv d whqvi Zi c i mvc Ki Z n e bv 13. K¼i gviv (IqvwRe) 11, 12 Zvwi L m~h njvi ci _ K ciw`b mye n mv ` Ki c~e ch ší 1g, 2q, I 3q Rvgivq 7wU K i 21wU K¼i cöwzw`b wb ÿc Kiv IqvwRe m~h njvi c~ e wb ÿc Ki j Av`vq n e bv, eis m~h njvi ci cybivq wb ÿc Ki Z n e Ab _vq Ô`gÕ w` Z n e 13 ZvwiL m~h njvi ci K¼i wb ÿckiz gxbv Z vm Kiv mybœvz Z e KD hw` 12 Zvwi L P j Avm Z Pvq Zvn j IB w`b m~h njvi ci _ K ciw`b mye n mvw` Ki c~e ch ší h Kv bv mgq cv_i g i P j Avm Z cvi e hw` KD 13 whjnr mye n mvw` Ki ci gxbvq Ae vb K i Zvn j Zvi Rb 13 ZvwiLI igx Kiv IqvwRe Ab _vq `g w` Z n e 14. gxbv Z vm 13 whjnr gxbvq bv _vk Z PvB j 12 whjnr mü vi Av M A_ev mü vi ci fvi niqvi Av M gxbv Z vm Kiæb m~h v Íi Av M gxbv Z vm Ki ZB n eñguv wvk bq Z e m~h v Íi Av M gxbv Z vm Kiv DËg 15. we`vqx ZvIqvd (IqvwRe) evsjv `k _ K AvMZ nrhvîx `i nr k l we`vqx ZvIqvd Ki Z nq (IqvwRe) Z e nr k l h Kv bv bdj ZvIqvdB we`vqx ZvIqv d cwiyz n q hvq bvix `i gvwm Ki Kvi Y we`vqx ZvIqvd Ki Z bv cvi j Kv bv ÿwz bb; `g w` Z nq bv 16. gxbvq Ae vbiz w`b jv Z (10, 11 whjnr) gxbv ZB ivz hvcb Kiæb hw` 13 ZvwiL iwg (K¼i gviv) kl K i wdi Z Pvb Z e 12 ZvwiL ivz hvcb Kiæb (mybœvz) n R wkivb : n Ri wøzxq cökvi n Q n R wkivb wkivb k ãi AvwfavwbK A_ : `yb e K GKwÎZ Kiv kixq Z n R wkivb ejv nq gxkvz _ K nr Ges Dgiv DfqUvi GKmv _ Gnivg euvav DËg nr n jv n R wkivb Zvici ZvgvËz Zvici Bdiv` (eylvix 1454, 1461, 1466, 1460 m~iv evkviv 196) n R wkiv bi wbq vzkvix Giƒc ej eñ A_ : Avjøvn! Avwg nr Ges Dgivi wbq vz K iwq, DfqwU K Avgvi Rb mnr K i `vi Ges DfqwU Keyj K iv (gymwjg 2195) n R wkivb Av`v qi c wz 1. Bnivg euvav (dir) gxkvz AwZµ gi Av M GKB wbq g Bnivg Kivi KvR mgvß Kiæb Z e nr I Dgiv Df qi wbq vz GKm ½ K i Zvjweqv co b 2. Dgivi ZvIqvd (c~ e ewy Z) wbq g Av`vq Kiæb (IqvwRe) 3. Dgivi mvc Kiæb, Z e Gici gv_v gyðv eb bv ev Pzj QuvU eb bv; eis Bniv gi me wewaweavb g b Pjyb (IqvwRe) 4. ZvIqv d Kỳ yg Kiæb (mybœvz) 5. AvU whjnr Rvni _ K 9 whjnr dri ch ší cuvp Iqv³ bvgvh gxbv Z coyb G mg q gxbv Z Ae vb Kiæb (mybœvz) 6. Avivdv Zi gq`v b Ae vb Kiæb (dir) 7. 9 whjnr m~h v Íi ci _ K gyh`vwjdvq Ae vb Ges gvmwie I Gkv GKm ½ Gkvi mg q Av`vq Kiæb (IqvwRe) Z e 10 whjnr dr ii ci wkqy mgq Ae vb Kiæb (IqvwRe) 8. Dc i ewy Z wbqg I mgq Abymv i 10 whjnr K¼i wb ÿ c Kiæb (IqvwRe) gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 14
9. ` g Kivb Z_v n Ri Kzievbx Kiæb (IqvwRe) 10. gv_vi Pyj gyðb K i w bb (IqvwRe) Z e Pyj Qu UI wb Z cv ib 11. ZvIqv d whqviz Kiæb (dir) Ges mvc K i wbb, hw` ZvIqv d Kỳ y gi c i bv K i _v Kb 12. 11, 12 whjnr K¼i wb ÿc Kiæb (IqvwRe) 13 whjnr K¼i gviv ivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg)-Gi Av`k 13. gxbvq _vkvkvjxb gxbv ZB ivz hvcb Kiæb (mybœvz) 14. gxkv Zi evb i _ K AvMZ nvwriv we`vqx ZvIqvd Kiæb (IqvwRe) n R Bdiv` : n Ri Z Zxq cökvi n R Bdiv` ïay nr cvj bi D Ï k Bnivg eu a nr m úv`b K n R Bdiv` e j Bdiv` nr Av`v qi c wz : 1. ïay n Ri wbq v Z Bnivg euvayb (dir) Giƒc ejyb : 2. g v kixd cuš Q ZvIqv d Kỳ yg Kiæb (mybœvz) D jøl, ZvIqv d Kz`y gi ci mvc Ki j ZvIqv d whqvi Zi ci mvc Kivi cö qvrb bb 3. gxbvq cuvp Iqv³ bvgvh I ivz hvcb Kiæb (mybœvz) 4. Avivdv Zi gq`v b Ae vb Kiæb (dir) 5. gyh`vwjdvq ivz hvcb Kiæb (mybœvz) Z e 10 whjnr dr ii ci wkqy mgq Ae vb IqvwRe 6. 10 whjn R Rvgviv Z mvzwu K¼i wb ÿc Kiæb (IqvwRe) 7. h nzy G n R ` g kvki IqvwRe bq, ZvB K¼i wb ÿ ci ci gv_v njk K i wbb; Z e Pyj Qu UI wb Z cv ib (IqvwRe) 8. ZvIqv d whqviz Kiæb (dir) hw` ZvIqv d Kỳ y gi ci mvc K i _v Kb, Zvn j mvc Kivi cö qvrb bb (IqvwRe) 10. 11-12 wrjnr Av M ewy Z wbqg I m g q K¼ i w b ÿ c K iæb (IqvwRe) 11. e`wj nrkvi x Bdiv` nr Ki eb Bnivg, Ab vb civgk Bnivg m ú K Riæwi welq : huviv mivmwi evsjv `k _ K g v ki xd h v e b, Zu viv evw o Z, nvrxk v ú ev wegv b Bnivg K i b eb evwo Z ev nvrxk v ú Bnivg K i biqv mnr Bnivg Qvov hb gxkvz AwZµg bv nq, mw` K jÿ ivl Z n e huviv gw`bv kixd hv eb, Zuviv gw`bv kixd _ K g v kixd hviqvi mgq Bnivg Ki eb Kv bv bvixi cövk wzk Kvi Y AcweÎ Ae vq Bniv gi cö qvrb n j IRy- Mvmj K i bvgvh e ZxZ jveÿvbk c o Bnivg K i b eb ZvIqvd Qvov nr, Dgivi mg Í KvR wba vwiz wbq g Av`vq Ki eb Z viq vd I m v C K ivi m gq we klfv e jÿyxq : ZvIqv di mgq IRy _vkv Riæwi Z e mvc Kivi mgq IRy bv _vk ji mvc m úbœ n q hv e nvr i AvmIqv ` Pygy `Iqv GKwU mybœvz Zv Av`vq Ki Z wm q jvkrb K av vavw i gva g Kó `Iqv eo bvn ZvB ZvIqvdKv j ewk wfo `L j Bkvivq Pygy ` eb mvc Kivi mgq mvdv _ K gviiqv wksev gviiqv _ K mvdv cöwzwu wfbœ wfbœ P i Gfv e mvzwu P i m ú~y n j GKwU mvc c~y n e gvmavjv : Kzievbxi w`b Rvgiv q DKevq cv_i wb ÿ ci ci ZvgvËz I Kivb nrkvixi Rb GKwU ekwi ev GK D Ui mvz fv Mi GK fvm ` g kvki ev n Ri Kzievbx `Iqv Avek K hw` Kzievbx w` Z Aÿg nb Z e Kzievbxi w` bi Av M wzb w`b Ges nr cvjb kl K i mvz w`b ivhv ivl eb GB ivhv PvB j Zvkix Ki w`bmg~ ni ci g v ZB ivl Z cv i A_ev evwo divi cii ivl Z cv i hw` Kzievbxi w` bi c~ e wzb w`b ivhv bv iv L Z e c i ivhv ivl j n e bv eis Zv K KzievbxB w` Z n e (evkviv 196, gymvbœv d Be b kvbev 522, 523) g vq `yõav Keyj niqvi K qkwu vb Avjøvgv Rvhix (in.) nhiz nvmvb emix (in.)-gi m~ Î g vi Ggb wkqz vb I mg qi e vcv i ewy Z Av Q hlv b `yõav Keyj nq Zv wb œiƒc: 1 ZvIqv di mgq 2 gyjzvwh gi Kv Q 3 gxhv ei wb P 4 KvÕev N ii Af ší i 5 RgRg K ci cv k 6 mvdv cvnv o 7 gviiqv cvnv o 8 mvci mgq 9 gkv g Beivnx gi cq b 10 Avivdvi gq`v b 11 gyh`vwjdvq 12 gxbv Z 13 Rvgiv q Djv Z 14 Rvgviv q D Ív Z (nvmvb 65) gvjøv Avjx Kvix (in.) Gm ei mv _ Av iv hy³ K i e j Qb, iæk b Bqvgvbx Ges nvr i AvmIqv `i gvsvgvws, `v i AviKvg, Mv i mvii Ges Mv i niv BZ vw`i `yõav Keyj niqvi vb (bhjyj Aveivi 45) myzivs nvrx mv nevb `i DwPZ, Gme vb I mg q Kvqg bvev K AkÖæmRj bq b Avjøvni Kv Q gb Ly j `yõav Kiv gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 15
gywndm mybœvn nhiz gvijvbv kvn Aveiviæj nk n x nvi`~qx (in.)-gi Ag~j evyx mr Kv Ri Av `k Ges Amr Kv Ri wb lañg D Zi ˆewkó : cweî KziAv b Bikv` Kiv n q QÑ Ò ZvgivB m e vëg D Z, gvby li Kj v Yi D Ï k B Zvgv `i D e NUv bv n q Q, Zvgiv mr Kv Ri Av `k Ki e Ges Amr Kv R wb la Ki e Ges Avjøvni Ici Cgvb ivl e (Av j Bgivb 110) mr Kv Ri Av `k Ges Amr Kv Ri wb l ai ÿ Î D Z gynv w`qv Ab vb D Zi Ici köôz GB AvqvZ _ K úó cözxqgvb nq GB Avqv Z ejv n q Q ( n D Z gynv `x!) Zvgiv me köô RvwZ hv `i K gvby li Kj v Y, A_ vr n`vqv Zi Rb cökvk Kiv n q Q Zvgiv mr Kv Ri Av `k K iv Ges Amr Kv Ri wb la K iv Ges (wb RI) Avjøvni Ici Cgvb Avbq bi ÿ Î mve ÿwyk AUzU _vk e Øx bi cöwz `viqvz gymjgvb `i K Aek B DcKvi cušwq q _v K : Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Bikv` K ibñ Avcwb gvbyl `i K evievi evsv Z _vkzb Kbbv wbðqb evievi evsv bv Cgvb`vi `i DcK Z Ki e (hvwiqvz 55) Zvdmxi wekvi`my GB Avqv Zi Zvdmxi K i Qb, ÒAvcwb Av iv g bv hv Mi mv _ wbr Kv R j M _vkzb Ges gvbyl `i evievi evsv Z _vkzb Kbbv evievi evsv bv (hv `i fv M n`vqvz bb Zv `i Rb Zv cögvy m ú~ik n e Avi hv `i fv M Cgvb Av Q) Cgvb AvbqbKvix `i K Avi hviv c~e _ K gywgb Zv `i KI DcK Z Ki e evsv bvi DcKvwiZv I nkgz mk ji Rb B i q Q weavq Avcwb evsv Z _vkzb Avi KD Cgvb bv Avb j Kó cv eb bv hw` Kv iv g b G m `n Av m h, A bk mgq jvmvzvi ZvejxM I gnbz Kiv nq A_P DcKvi nq bv! DcKvi niqv GK wrwbm Avi DcKvi ` k gvb niqv ev Abyf Z niqv Av ik w R w b m K v R B ` k gv b e v Abyfe hvm bv niqvi Kvi Y muvi Aw ÍZ K A ^xkvi Kiv fzj hgb Kv bv cv_ i cvwbi dzuv cwzz n j mlv b ZrÿYvr Kv bv wpý `Lv hvq bv wkší A bk w`b GKwU cv_ ii Ici cvwbi dzuv cwzz n Z _vk j mlv b MZ n q hvq GB D`vniY _ K wbðq ey S M Qb KvR Ki Z _vk Z n e Gi DcKvwiZv Av QB mvg_ _vkv Ae vq bvnmg~n _ K gymjgvb `i eviy cö Z K gymjgv bi wr vq Riæwi Ges Cgv bi AvjvgZ : ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Bikv` K ib, Ò Zvgv `i g a h e w³ Kv bv Ab vq Kg KvÐ n Z `L e m hb nvz Øviv Zv Z euvav `q G Z mÿg bv n j gy Li Øviv, G ZI mÿg bv n j AšÍi Øviv N Yv Ki e Avi GUv Cgv bi me wb œ Íi Ó mnx n gymwjg, wziwghx, bvmvci Be b gvrvn) GLv b mvg _ i Øviv kiqx mvg_ D Ïk Kbbv gšwlk mvg_ Zv me mgqb _v K mvg _ i Øviv D Ïk n Q Ggb AvksKv bv _vkv, cöej aviyv Abyhvqx hvi cöwz iva Am e Avgv `i `L Z n e huzkz mvg_ Av Q muzkz Avgiv KiwQ wk bv? Kv bv m úª`v qi GKR b gvî bvnmvi KI mvg_ _vkv m Ë I bvn _ K wbe Ë bv Ki j cy iv m úà v qi Ici Avhve b g Av m : nv`xm kix d G m QÑ Òivm~j (mv.) Bikv` K ib, hlb Kv bv m úà v qi Kv bv e w³ bvn K i Avi IB jv Kiv mvg_ _vkv m Ë I Zv K weiz bv iv L, Z e g Zz i c~ e B Avjøvn Zv `i K kvw Í ` eb Ó (mybv b Avey `vd`, Be b gvrvn I Be b wneÿvb) GB nv`xmwu i welqe evievi g bv hvm w` q evsv `ikvi Avgvi-Avcbvi e vck Kv bv mvg_ bb wkš wbr x, mšívb, wkl I gyix` `i ms kva bi mvg_ Zv _v KB myzivs Avgiv hw` GBUzKz mvg_ I cö qvm bv Kwi Z e Avjøvni Avhve _ K euvpv hv e bv Z v B A š Í Z c Ö Z K w b R i Aaxb Í `i ms kvab I Zv `i K Mwn Z KvR _ K euvpv bvi Rb Póv Kwi gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 16
gviqv q h nhiz dkxûj wgjøvz (`vgvz evivkvzzûg) wewfbœ mgq gvikv hi QvÎ `i D Ï k `Iqv ZvKixi _ K msm nxz Av`k Zv j e Bjg cweî kviqvj gvm _ K Øxwb gv`ivmv jvi wkÿv eq ii m~pbv nq `xn QzwU Z weivb c o _vkv gv`ivmv jv wd i cvq cybivq Zvi A v m j m Š ` h A h v w P Z AbvKvw ÿz k~b Zv `~i n q wd i Av m Kvjvnj Bj g Øx bi wccvmy Zv j e Bjgiv Bj gi Zvobvq kz kz gvbj cvwo w` q, KZ cöwzeükzv K `~ i V j, cig œ n k x j g v - e v e v G e s AvZ xq ^Rb K Avj- e`v e j, N i _vkv hvezxq myl-kvwší K RjvÄwj w` q, ARvbv-A Pbv cwi e k gv`ivmv K Avcb Ni wn m e MÖnY K i, Avmv Zhv q K i v g K w c Z Z z j G e s m½x-mv_x `i K fvb qi gh v`v w` q eq ii ci eqiñg Zz ch šíi Rb G c _i G KRb ^v_ K gymvwdi wn m e wb R K M o Zv j Av Z vr ^ M i we epbvi gymwjg D v ni GB ÍiwU K `Lv n j A ek B Zv `i D rmm b w R i w e n x b Z e Z v ` i Kzievbx KI A ^xkvi Kiv hv e bv, hv `i K Q o Zviv gv`ivmvq cvwo Rwg q Q Gme welq K mvg b i L fv jv g b Kijvg h, AvwRR Zvjvev `i wkÿvkv j KiYxq wkqz iæz c~y Kv Ri cöwz w`kwb ` kbv cö`vb Kiv evãbxq nq Zv Zv Kv bv Zv j e Bj gi AšÍ i Mu _ hv e Ges Av jvwkz Rxe bi cv _q n e wbq vz mnxn Kiv : Bjg DcKvix niqvi m úk wbq vz mnxn niqv bv niqvi mv _ Avjøvn bv Kiæb, Bjg AR b Kivi D Ïk hw` `ywbqvi gvn nq Zvn j GB wbq vz GKRb Zv j e Bjg K `ywbqv ZB `ywbqv`vi `i mvg b jvwãz K i Qvo e Avi Av Liv Z mevi Av M Rvnvbœv g Dcyo K i wb ÿc Kiv n e GB Bjg n e Zvi Rb Awfkv ci KviY nv`x m Bikv` n QÑ... wkqvg Zi w`b me cö_g IB e w³i e vcv i dvqmvjv Kiv n e... h e w³ (`ywbqv Z) Bjg wk L Q I wkwl q Q Ges h e w³ KviAvb ZjvIqvZ K i Q, wkqvg Zi w`b Zv K Avjøvni `iev i Dcw Z Kiv n e A Ztci Zv K Bj gi bqvg Zi cwipq Kwi q `Iqv n e m Zv wpb Z cvi e Avjøvn ej eb, GB bqvgz Abyhvqx Kx Avgj K i Qv? m ej e, Avwg Bjg wk LwQ, wkwl qwq Ges Zvgvi mš wói Rb KviAvb ZjvIqvZ K iwq Avjøvn ej eb, Zzwg wg_ v e j Qv Zzwg Zv Bjg wk LQ gvbyl Zvgv K Av jg ejvi Rb Avi KviAvb ZjvIqvZ K iq Zvgv K ZjvIqvZKvix ejvi Rb `ywbqv Z Zvgv K Zv ejv n q Q AZtci Zv K Rvnvbœv g wb ÿc Kivi ûkzg Kiv n e Ges Zv K Dcyi K i U bwnup o Rvnvbœv g wb ÿc Kiv n e (gymwjg) Ab GK nv`x m ivm~j (mv.) Bikv` K ibñ ÒAv jg mgv Ri I ci eo Z `Lv bv, AeyS Rbmvavi Yi mv _ evm&wezðvq Rov bv Ges grwjm Rgv bvi wbq v Z Bjg AR b K iv bv, h e w³ G ikg Ki e RvnvbœvgB Zvi wvkvbv (Be b gvrvn) wbq vz Zv GUv n Z n e h, GB Bjg Øviv cy iv `ywbqvq Øx b Bmjvg K wh `v Kie, G ai bi wbq vzkvixi hw` GB Ae v ZB g Zz n q h vq Zvn j A vjøvn ZvÕAvjv IB Zv j e Bj gi nvki Gfv e Kiv eb h, Zvi gv S Ges bexm Yi gv S ïaygvî GKwU Í ii cv_ K _vk e hgb ivm~j (mv.) Bikv` K ibñ ÒBmjvg K wh `v Kivi D Ï k Bjg A š^lykvixi g Zz n j gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 17
Rvbœv Z Zvi gv S Ges bexm Yi gv S ïaygvî GKwU Í ii cv_ K _vk e Ó (RvwgD evqvwbj Bjg) AZGe me cö_g KvR n jv, wb Ri wbq vz K wvk Kiv Avi G KvRwU evievi Ki Z n e hlbb Abyfe Ki e h wbq vz wek Z n q M Q ZLbB Zv wvk K i wb Z n e Av ikwu K_v iy ivl Z n e, Zv j e Bj gi hgvbvq hw` wbq vz wvk bv nq Zvn j Bjg A š^ly eü Kiv hv e bv eis wbq vz `yi Í Kivi AvcÖvY Póv Pvwj q hv e wbq vz `yi Í nq bvñïay GB evnvbvq Zvj e Bjg _ K weiz _vkv Kv bv Ae v ZB mgxpxb n e bv KviY eyhym `i Dw³ cöwm Ñ ÒAvgiv Avjøvni mš wó Qvov Ab D Ï k Bjg AR b K iwqjvg, wkš Bjg Avgv `i g bvevmbv g b bqwb kl ch ší m Avjøvni Rb n qb ÿvší n q Q Ó AZGe Bjg A š^ly ZiK bv K i wbq vz `yi Í Kivi cöwz AvZ wb qvm KivB eyw gv bi KvR n e hvm Zv K ` p Kiv : wbq vz mnxï Kivi ci me vwak iæz c~y KvR n jv Bjgx hvm Zv K my` p Kiv Gi Rb cö_g w`b _ KB Kvgi eu a b g h Z n e gv`ivmv jv Z hz ai bi Bj gi cov kvbv nq mme wel q wb R K G cwigvy hvm K i M o Zzj Z n e hb Kv iv mvg b Kv bv ai bi `ye jzv cwijwÿz bv nq Ges Zvgv `i mvg b h KD h Kv bv wel q fzj K i hb Qvo c q bv hvq Ggb hvm Zv AR bi ÿ Î nhiz Avkivd Avjx _vbfx (in.)-gi Ag~j evyx I w`kwb ` kbv hvicibvb djcöm~ nhiz e jb, h Zv j e Bjg wzbwu KvR Ki e Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Aek B Zv K Bj gi `ŠjZ `vb Ki eb 1. gyzvjvõav-aa qb Kiv 2. g bv hvm mnkv i wbqwgz `i m Dcw Z _vkv 3. ZvKivi Kiv GB wzbwu KvR wbqgzvwš Kfv e AvÄvg `Iqv mdjzvi Pvwe ^iƒc mswÿßvkv i GB wzbwu wrwb mi cwipq Zz j aiv n jvñ gyzvjvõav : Rvbv welq K ARvbv welq _ K c _K Kivi bvg gyzvjvõav A_ vr hlb Zzwg me K AskMÖn Yi c~ e A v M v g x w ` b i m e K gyzvjvõav-aa qb Ki e Ges mekwu K bvne x, Q idx I fvlvmzfv e we k øly Ki e, ZR gv, ZviKxe Ges fve evsvi Póv Ki e Ges GB cö Póvq h mdjzv Zvgvi AR b n e, muv K ÔgvÕjygvZÕ ejv n e Avi hv ey S Avm e bv Zv K ÔgvRûjvZÕ ev A R v b v w e l q e j v n e gvrûjvz K iy ivlv AZxe Riæwi hb Ab mgq Kv bv mv_x fvb _ K A_ev me K D Ív `i gva g welqwui mnr mgvavb n q hvq gyzvjvõavi GZUzKz Póv mvabv Zvgv K A bk A bk `~i GwM q wb q hv e BbkvAvjøvn... `i m Dcw wz : gyzvjvõavi cib Av m me K wbqwgz Dcw Z _vkvi welqwu G ÿ Î AvcÖvY Póv Ki Z n e, hb Zvgvi _ K Kv bv mek Qz U bv hvq Ges Ag bv hvmx I Mv dj n q me K emv bv nq GB Póvq mdjzvi Rb Avek Kxq n jv, mek PjvKvjxb D Ív `i gyl _ K h K_vB wbm Z n e Zv AZ ší g bv hvm w` q kvbv Ges Ab w` K Kvb bv `Iqv G ikgfv e Zvgvi PvL D Ív `i w` KB wbweó _ v K Z n e, P z w i K i Gw`K- mw`k ZvKv bv hv e bv Avi gb-gw Í _vk Z n e cwic~y fv e mekgylx me K Av jvwpz welq jv K h n b msiÿy Kivi Póv Ki Z n e cov bv k l n j iæz c~y welq jv K LvZvq bvu K i biqvi cöwz n e hzœkxj ZvKivi : me k l ZvKiv ii Íi me K Av jvwpz I cov bv welq K A b i mv _ Av jvpbv Kivi bvg ZvKivi GB Í i G m gyzvjvõav Ges me K _ K hviqv ÎæwU we`~wiz nq Am ú~y Zvi g a Av m c~y Zv ZvKivi hz Kvh Ki c wz Z Kiv n e wkzv ei Ávb ZZB ewk greyz I ` p n e eyhym `i Dw³ cöwm h, GKRb Zv j e Bjg ZvKiv ii ejvq hz AwfÁ n e, m ZZ DËg gỳ viwim n e ZvKiv ii e vcv i AwfÁZv n jv ZvKiviKvixi hzuzkz DcKvi nq köeykvixi ZZUzKz DcKvi nq bv G Rb DËg n jv, ZvKivi `yr b Kiv GKRb ej e AciRb ïb e, Gici wøzxqrb ej e cö_grb ïb e ZvKiv ii m½x ewk n j ïaygvî G KRbB Av jvpk nq Ab iv köeykvix d j Zviv ewk DcK Z n Z cv i bv my `i jlbx : n Íwjwc my `i n j GKRb Av j g Øxb Lye fv jvfv e Øxwb L`gZ gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 18
Ki Z cv ib Avi ciez x cör b i Ici Gi cöfve I AZ ší mylki nq GB ˆewkó wu AR bi Rb cö Z K Zv j e Bjg K cö_g w`b _ KB gnbz ïiæ K i w` Z n e m e n j Kv bv AwfÁ Kv Z ei kivyvcbœ n q wbqwgz gkk K i h Z n e me cö_g ûiæ d Zvnv¾xi MVb AvK wz K wbqgvbyhvqx h n b msiÿy K i wb Z n e Gici gyivkkvevz Z_v- hšwmk k ãi gkk Ki Z n e D jøl, h Kv bv ni di e env ii wzbwu myiz wbwðz nidwu k ãi ïiæ Z n e gv S n e ev k l n e GB wzbwu Ae vq ni di MVbvK wz Kx n e, GUv wk L gkk Ki e n Íwjwc my `i Kivi Av ikwu mnr c wz n jv, hlbb Kv bv Kv Z ei jlv Kv bv kã `L e ZLb k ãi jlvi aibwu K fv jv K i cil Ki e Ges c i ûeû jlvi Póv Ki e Gfv e AwZ mn R Lye `ªæZ n Íw jwc my `i n q hv e BbkvAvjøvn... bmv ei evb i gyzvjvõav : `i m brvgxi ZvÕjx gi mv _ mv _ Øxwbq v Zi gyzvjvõavi cwiwa evo v b v A Zxe Riæwi Øxw b gyzvjvõavi cvkvcvwk wbz bzzb wel q mg K AeMZ niqvi Rb cö qvrbxq wkzvevw` co Z n e hv Z K i Av vi mv _ welqwui kiqx mgvavb ck Kiv hvq Ges G e v c v i R b m v a v i Y h b Zvgv `i K AÁ g b bv K i Z e G ÿ Î Aek B jÿyxq welq n jv, Gi Øviv bmv e ZvÕjxg ÿwzmö Í n Z cvi e bv D jøl, QvÎ `i Rb ÿwzki Kv bv wkzve, eb-cy ÍK Aa qb Kiv m ú~y fv e wbwl hgbñ bv ej, Dcb vm, ivr bwzk wel q iwpz eb, cîcwîkv BZ vw` G Rb SzuwKgy³ DËg cš v n jv AwfÁ D Ív` `i mv _ civgk K i cv evov bv huviv iæz ey S Kv bv welq I wkzve wvk K i ` eb Avi G ai bi Aa qb Aemi mg q my hvm n j Ki Z n e ZvÕjxgx AvIKv Z bq ZvRex` I wndhyj KviAvb : hme QvÎiv nv d R KviAvb bq mvaviyz Zviv `y-wzb ai bi mgm vi m ylxb nq cö_gz, nv dr bv niqvi Kvi Y wkqz ÿ Î Zviv KwVb cwiw wzi gy L c o hgbñbvgvr cov bvi mgq we kl K i dr ii bvgvh cov bvi Rb ej j A b K Avevi KvIqv q ` ZvRex `i e vcv i Avb Kviv n q _v K G ikgfv e eqvb I ZvKix i KviAv bi AvqvZ RyZmBfv e cö qvm Ki Z cv i bv ZvB Zvgv `i cöwz Avgvi e w³mz civgk n jv, ïiæ _ KB Zvgiv GB `ye jzv KvwU q IVvi e vcv i wdwki g ` ni ˆ`bw `b Aí Aí K i gyl Ki Z _v Kv we kl K i me kl wzbwu cviv Ges we kl we kl drxjzc~y m~iv jv gyl K i bvi hgb m~iv Bqvwmb, m~iv IqvwKqvn, m~iv Avi ingvb BZ vw` Avi hviv ZvRex `i e vcv i `ye j Zviv AwfÁ Kv bv Kvixi kiyvcbœ n q Bj g ZvRex` wk L gkk K i bvi RygyÕAv `yb C` G es wbkvnmsµvší LyZevI ZU K i bvi BbkvAvjøvn Kv_vI KL bv Kv bv mgm vi m ylxb n e bv AQvÎmyjf Kg e ÍZv : G welqwu me mgq mvg b ivl Z n e h Z v g i v g v - e v e v, AvZ xq ^Rb, NievwoÑme wkqzb Q o gv`ivmvq G m Qv D Ïk Bj g Øxb AR b Kiv AZGe Zvgv `i Rb Ggb me e ÍZv cövmövg _ K wb R K `~ i mwi q ivlv Riæwi, hv Zvgv `i Zvjxgx ÿwzi KviY nq mevi Av M ÿwzki h wrwbmwui bvg D PvwiZ n e muv n jv, Kv bv ivr bwzk `j ev h Kv bv ai bi msmv bi mv _ m ú ³ niqv GB m ú ³Zv GKRb Zv j e Bj gi Rb hn i Kv Zj Zvjxgx hgvbvi cöwzwu gyn~z Zvgv `i Rb gnv g~j evb G mgq GKvMÖwP Ë Zvjx gi mv _B Zvgv `i K j M _vk Z n e, Ry o _vk Z n e Z e nü v, dv im niqvi ci Kv bv `j ev msmvb hw` kixq Zi Kwócv_ i DZ i hvq Zvn j mb `j ev msmv bi mv _ m ú ³ n Z cv ivñguv Zvgvi Hw QK e vcvi A_ev mg qi `vwe hw` KL bv Kv bv Wv K mvov `Iqvi g Zv nq Z e m Wv KI mvov w` Z cvi e g b ivl e, mvov `Iqvi mgq GLb bq hlb Avm e ZLb mg qi Av MB Kv bv wrwbm c Z PvB j, Ki Z PvB j eâb vb Zvgvi Kcv j RyU e GLb Zvjx gi mgq Zvjx gi mv _ j M _v Kv `L e mdjzv Zvgvi c`pz ^b Ki e gvevbj dvb : gvevbj dvb Qv U G KwU A v w e v i h v i g a D ckvix-a ckvix `yw U w `KB i q Q e w³we k li Rb DcKvix niqvi w`kwu cövavb c ji gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 19